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Source: Cleasby/Vigfusson, page b0037, entry 2
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B. TEMP. of a particular point or period of time, at, on, in: I. gener. denoting during, in the course of; á nótt, degi, nætrþeli ..., Bs. i. 139; or spec. adding a pron. or an adject., á næsta sumri, the next summer; á því ári, þingi, misseri, hausti, vári, sumri ..., during, in that year ..., Bs. i. 679, etc.; á þrem sumrum, in the course of three summers, Grág. i. 218; á þrem várum, Fms. ii. 114; á hálfs mánaðar fresti, within half a month's delay, Nj. 99; á tvítugs, sextugs ... aldri, á barns, gamals aldri, etc., at the age of ..., v. aldr: á dögum e-s, in the days of, in his reign or time, Landn. 24, Hrafn. 3, Fms. ix. 229. II. used of a fixed recurrent period or season; á várum, sumrum, haustum, vetrum, á kveldum, every spring, summer ..., in the evenings, Eg. 711, Fms. i. 23, 25, vi. 394, Landn. 292: with the numeral adverbs, cp. Lat. ter in anno, um sinn á mánuði, ári, once a month, once a year, where the Engl. a is not the article but the preposition, Grág. i. 89. III. of duration; á degi, during a whole day, Fms. v. 48; á sjau nóttum, Bárð. 166; á því meli, during that time, in the meantime, Grág. i. 259. IV. connected with the seasons (á vetri, sumri, vári, hausti), 'á' denotes the next preceding season, the last winter, summer, autumn, Eb. 40, 238, Ld. 206: in such instances 'á' denotes the past, 'at' the future, 'í' the present; thus í vetri in old writers means this winter; á vetri, last winter; at vetri, next winter, Eb. 68 (in a verse), etc.

Source: Cleasby/Vigfusson, page b0038, entry 2
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B. TEMP. I. of a period of time, at, to; á morgun, to-morrow (í morgun now means the past morning, the morning of to-day), Ísl. ii. 333. II. if connected with the word day, 'á' is now used before a fixed or marked day, a day of the week, a feast day, or the like; á Laugardag, á Sunnudag ..., on Saturday, Sunday, the Old Engl. a-Sunday, a-Monday, etc.; á Jóladaginn, Páskadaginn, on Yule and Easter-day; but in old writers more often used ellipt. Sunnudaginn, Jóladaginn ..., by dropping the prep. 'á,' Fms. viii. 397, Grág. i. 18. III. connected with 'dagr' with the definite article suffixed, 'á' denotes a fixed, recurring period or season, in; á daginn, during the day-time, every day in turn, Grett. 91 A. IV. connected with 'evening, morning, the seasons,' with the article; á kveldit, every evening, Ld. 14; á sumarit, every summer, Vd. 128, where the new Ed. Fs. 51 reads sumrum; á haust, every autumn, Eg. 741 (perh. a misprint instead of á haustin or á haustum); á vetrinn, in the winter time, 710; á várit, every spring, Gþl. 347; the sing., however, is very rare in such cases, the old as well as mod. usage prefers the plur.; á nætrnar, by night, Nj. 210; á várin, Eg. 710; á sumrin, haustin, á morgnana, in the morning (á morgin, sing., means to-morrow); á kveldin, in the evening, only 'dagr' is used in sing., v. above (á daginn, not á dagana); but elliptically and by dropping the article, Icelanders say, kveld og morgna, nótt og dag, vetr sumar vor og haust, in the same sense as those above mentioned. V. denoting duration, the article is dropped in the negative phrase, aldri á sinn dag, never during one's life; aldri á mína daga, never in my life, Bjarn. 8, where a possess. pron. is put between noun and prep., but this phrase is very rare. Such phrases as, á þann dag, that day, and á þenna dag, Stj. 12, 655 xxx. 2. 20, are unclassical. VI. á dag without article can only be used in a distributive sense, e.g. tvisvar á dag, twice a-day; this use is at present freq. in Icel., yet instances from old writers are not on record. VII. denoting a movement onward in time, such as, liðið á nótt, dag, kveld, morgun, sumar, vetr, vár, haust (or nóttina, daginn ...), jól, páska, föstu, or the like, far on in the night, day ..., Edda 33; er á leið vetrinn, when the winter was well on, as the winter wore on, Nj. 126; cp. áliðinn: also in the phrase, hniginn á inn efra aldr, well stricken in years, Ld. 68.

Source: Cleasby/Vigfusson, page b0040, entry 14
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a-fram, adv. a. loc. with the face downward, forward; fell hann a., on the face, Nj. 253, Vd. 52, Grett. 99 new Ed. J3. temp, along, forward (rare); haun er nú með jarli sumarit á., he i s now with the earl till late in the summer, Finnb. 274. y. further on; komst aldri Icngra a. fyrir honum um skáldskapinn, be never got any further on with his poem, Fms. iii. 102; héldu þeir á. leiðina, they held forward on their way, 0. T. 31. In mod. usage freq. with verbs denoting to go, move; hnlda, ganga ... áfram, to go on.

Source: Cleasby/Vigfusson, page b0062, entry 1
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to 'góðr,' which serves as the posit. :-- in the compar. the primitive a becomes e; thus old poets of the beginning of the 11th century, as Sighvat, rhyme betri -- setrs; the old form batri however occurs, 655 xx. 4: in the superl. the a was kept till the end of the 12th century. Sighvat rhymes, last -- bazti; old vellum MSS. now and then still spell with a (bazt, baztr ...), Glúm. 371, Heið. S. Ísl. ii. 324, Grág. ii. 165, 252, Fms. xi. 214, 220, Hm. 13, 26, 47, Hkv. Hjörv. 39, Lb. 12, Pd. 11, Ýt. 27, 625. 42, Fms. x. (Ágrip) 418; baþztra (baztra), gen. pl., 398, 401 (but betþt, 385); bazta (acc.), Eluc. 36: sing. fem. and neut. pl. bözt, with a changed vowel, bözt heill, n. pl., Skv. 2. 19; böztu (böþtu), pl., Fms. x. 401, 403, 415: it is spelt with z, tz (in Ágrip even þt), or zt, in mod. spelling often s, as in mod. Engl., and pronounced at present as an s, [Goth. batizo, superl. batisto; A. S. batra and betsta, besta; Engl. better and best; Germ. besser and beste] :-- better, best; meira ok betra, Nj. 45, 193; betri, Dipl. v. 18; beztr kostr, Nj. 1, Eg. 25; beztr bóndi, Ld. 22. . kind, friendly towards one; with dat., er honum hafði baztr verit, 625. 42; er mér hefir beztr verit, Fms. vii. 274: er þér fyrir því bezt ..., it is best for thee, thou doest best to accept it, Nj. 225; því at þinn hlutr má eigi verða betri en góðr, 256; betra byr ok blíðara, 625. 4: with gen., meðan bezt er sumars, during the best part of the summer, Sks. 29, etc. etc., v. góðr.

Source: Cleasby/Vigfusson, page b0070, entry 19
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BLÓT, n. [Ulf. renders GREEK and GREEK by blutinassus, cp. also A. S. compd words such as blôtmônad] :-- gener. worship, and worship including sacrifice, spec. a sacrificial feast or banquet, used freq. in pl. when in general sense; the feasts were, esp. the three great annual feasts, when the winter set in (Oct.), at Yule time and mid-winter (Dec. or Jan.), and when the summer began (April), Ó. H. ch. 94-96, Hkr. i. 139 sqq., Hák. S. G. ch. xvi sqq., and the verse of Kormak, Hafit maðr ask né eski, id., Hkr. (Ó. T.) i. 272, Fms. x. (Ó. T.) ch. 50, Fas. (Hervar. S.) i. 531, 512. Hervar. S. the last chapter, Eb. ch. 10, Eg. 257, Fb. i. 22; at Uppsölum vóru blót svá mikil í þann tíma, at hvergi hafa verit meiri á Norðrlöndum, Fas. i. 255; þann vetr fékk Ingólfr at blóti miklu ok leitaði sér heilla um forlög sín, Landn. 33, cp. Hým. 1, Vsp. 62; þar vóru áðr blót ok hörgar, Bs. i. 20 (Kr. S.), Fms. i. 131, Eb. 4; there are mentioned álfa-blót, dísa-blót, etc. 2. blót, or more correctly blœti, n. an idol, amulet, engi maðr skal hafa í húsum sínum, stalla, vit eðr blót (blœti) ... nú ef blot (blœti) er funnit í húsi láslausu, mat-blót (dough idol) eðr leir-blót (clay idol) gört í mannslíki af leiri eðr deigi, þá ..., N. G. L. i. 383, 389; cp. Fs. (Hallfr. S.) 97. II. metaph. in Christian times the name of the heathen worship became odious, and blót came to mean swearing, cursing, freq. in Sturl. and Bs., and in mod. usage, Sturl. ii. 106, 152, iii. 101, Fs. (Vd.) 36, Gísl. The terms for swearing in the heathen times were 'troll, gramir,' etc., q.v.

Source: Cleasby/Vigfusson, page b0079, entry 10
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brenna, u, f. fire, burning, Grág. ii. 129, Nj. 158, 199; Njáls brenna, Blundketils brenna, etc., Ann. 962, 1010: the burning of a dead body, Edda 38 (= bálför). . astron., according to Finn Magnusson (Lex. Mythol.) Sirius is called Loka brenna, the conflagration of Loki, referring to the end of the world. COMPDS: brennu-maðr, m. an incendiary, Nj. 203. brennu-mál, n. action for fire, Nj. 210. brennu-saga, u, f. a tale of a fire, Nj. 269. brennu-staðr, m. the place where a fire has been, Grág. ii. 128. brennu-sumar, n. a summer of fires, Sturl. i. 165. brennu-vargr, m. a law term, an incendiary (outlawed), defined N. G. L. i. 46, Sturl. iii. 261.

Source: Cleasby/Vigfusson, page b0090, entry 9
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BYGGJA, older form byggva, ð, [for the etymology v. búa], gener. to inhabit, settle, people, always in a transitive sense--not neut. as. búa--but often used absol. or ellipt., land being understood: . to settle as a colonist; Hrollaugr bygði austr á Síðu, Ketilbjörn bygði suðr at Mosfelli, Auðr bygði vestr í Breiðafirði, Helgi bygði norðr í Eyjafirði, all these instances referring to the first settlers of Icel., Íb. ch. 1. 2; en þat vas es hann tók byggva landit, id.; sumar þat er þeir Ingólfr fóru at b. Ísland, the summer before Ingolf settled in Iceland, ch. 6; Íngólfr ... bygði fyrstr landit, i.e. Ingolf was the first settler, id.; so in numberless instances, esp. of the Íb. and Landn., e.g. Landn. 42, 334, Eb. 8, Hrafn. 4, Eg. 99, 100; eptir Nóa-flóð lifðu átta menn þeir er heiminn bygðu (peopled), Edda (pref.) . to inhabit, live in a country; þesskonar þjóð es Vínland hefir bygt, Íb. ch. 6; þá er landit hafði sex tigi vetra bygt verit, Landn. 321; þeir b. þat hérað á Vindlandi er Ré heitir, Fms. xi. 378, H. E. i. 494, Bret. 100: allit. phrases, á bygðu bóli, i.e. among men, where men live; bygðr bólstaðr, possessed land, Grág. ii. 214: the proverb, með lögum skal land byggja, with laws shall man build land, i.e. law builds (makes) lands and home; and some add, en með ólögum eyða; eyða (to lay waste) and byggja are thus opposed to one another, Nj. 106; b. bæ, to settle on a farm; segi ek af því fyrst hversu bærinn hefir bygzk í Skálaholti ... Ketilbjörn bygði þann bæ fyrstr er í Skálaholti heitir, Bs. i. 60; hann bygði bæ þann er í Eyju heitir, Gísl. 91, where it does not mean to build houses, as in the mod. use of this phrase, but to settle, Lat. inhabitare. . in more special or law phrases, to dwell in, occupy; b. sæng, to keep one's bed, sleep, Fas. i. 314; b. eina sæng, of married people, Fms. ii. 134; b. með e-m, to cohabit, Stj. 176; b. höll, to occupy a hall, Fms. vi. 147, x. 236; b. á skipum, undir tjöldum, to live aboard ship, in tents, vii. 138; b. hálfrými, a naut. term, viii. 199: metaph., cf Guð byggvir í þeim, Eluc. 52, cp. also the references from the N. T. above under búa, where most of the Icel. Edd. use byggja. 2. to build a house, ship, or the like, [Scot. and North. E. to big; Dan. bygge; Swed. bygga]: this sense, common over all Scandinavia and North Britain, seems not to occur in Icel. writers before the 15th century or the end of the 14th, but is freq. at the present time; it occurs in the Ann. 1401, 1405, etc. Old writers always say, reisa or göra hús, skip ..., not byggja. 3. reflex. to be inhabited; Ísland bygðisk fyrst ór Noregi, Íb. ch. 1; Grænland fansk ok bygðisk af Íslandi, ch. 6; hundraði ára fyrr en Ísland bygðisk af Norðmönnum, Landn. (pref.); en áðr Ísland bygðisk, id.; þá er Ísland fansk ok bygðisk af Noregi, id. II. [Goth. bugjan, by which Ulf. renders GREEK, and once GREEK, which is elsewhere rendered by frabugjan; A. S. bycgean; Engl. buy; Hel. buggean] :-- to let out, esp. land or cottage; konungr má b. almenning hverjum sem hann vill, Gþl. 453; ef umboðsmaðr konungs byggir jarðar (acc.) konungs ... því at svá skal konungs jarðir b. sem um aðrar jarðir skill í lögum, 336; nú byggir maðr dýrra (lets out at a higher rent) en vandi hefir á verit, 337; Ingimundr bygði þeim Hrolleifi bæinn í Ási, Fs. 34; er þeir bygðu lönd sín eðr tóku sér hjú, Grág. i. 445; hann tók mikit af landnámi Una, ok bygði þat (parcelled it out) frændum sínum, Landn. 244; byggja e-m út, to expel a tenant; b. e-m inn, to settle a tenant on one's estate. 2. more properly, to lend money at interest; þat er ok ef menn b. dautt fé, eðr krefja framar af þeim hlutum er menn ljá, en innstæða, K. Á. 204; engi skal b. dautt fé á leigu, Bs. i. 684; um okr, er menn b. dautt fé, H. E. i. 459; Rútr ... bygði allt féit, R. put all the money out at interest, Nj. 11. 3. the peculiar eccl. law phrase of the forbidden degrees; b. sifjar, frændsemi, to marry into such or such degree; this phrase may refer to buying (cp. brúðkaup), or to cohabitation; þat er nýmæli, at jafn-náit skal b. sifjar ok frændsemi at fimta manni hvárt, i.e. intermarriage in the fifth degree is allowed, according to the decision of the council of Lateran, A.D. 1215, Grág. i. 304; frændsemi er eigi byggjandi, i.e. is forbidden, 307, 308, 321, N. G. L. i. 350; en þat var bannat með Ásum at b. svá náit at frændsemi, Hkr. Yngl. ch. 4. III. part. as subst.

Source: Cleasby/Vigfusson, page b0093, entry 30
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DAGR, m., irreg. dat. degi, pl. dagar: [the kindred word dœgr with a vowel change from ó (dóg) indicates a lost root verb analogous to ala, ól, cp. dalr and dælir; this word is common to all Teutonic dialects; Goth. dags; A.S. dag; Engl. day; Swed.-Dan. dag; Germ, tag; the Lat. dies seems to be identical, although no interchange has taken place] :-- a day; in different senses: 1. the natural day :-- sayings referring to the day, at kveldi skal dag leyfa, at eventide shall the day be praised, Hm. 80 ; allir dagar eiga kveld um síðir; mörg eru dags augu, vide auga; enginn dagr til enda tryggr, no day can be trusted till its end; allr dagr til stefnu, Grág. i. 395, 443, is a law phrase, -- for summoning was lawful only if performed during the day; this phrase is also used metaph. = 'plenty of time' or the like: popular phrases as to the daylight are many -- dagr rennr, or rennr upp, and kemr upp, the day rises, Bm. 1; dagr í austri, day in the east, where the daylight first appears; dagsbrún, 'day's brow,' is the first streak of daylight, the metaphor taken from the human face; lysir af degi, it brightens from the day, i.e. daylight is appearing; dagr ljómar, the day gleams; fyrir dag, before day; móti degi, undir dag, about daybreak; komið at degi, id., Fms. viii. 398; dagr á lopti, day in the sky; árla, snemma dags, early in the morning, Pass. 15. 17; dagr um allt lopt, etc.; albjartr dagr, hábjartr d., full day, broad daylight; hæstr dagr, high day; önd-verðr d., the early day = forenoon, Am. 50; miðr dagr, midday, Grág. i. 413, 446, Sks. 217, 219; áliðinn dagr, late in the day, Fas. i. 313; hallandi dagr, declining day; at kveldi dags, síð dags, late in the day, Fms. i. 69. In the evening the day is said to set, hence dag-sett, dag-setr, and dagr setzt; in tales, ghosts and spirits come out with nightfall, but dare not face the day; singing merry songs after nightfall is not safe, það kallast ekki Kristnum leyft að kveða þegar dagsett er, a ditty; Syrpuvers er mestr galdr er í fólginn, ok eigi er lofat at kveða eptir dagsetr, Fas. iii. 206, Ísl. Þjóðs. ii. 7, 8: the daylight is symbolical of what is true or clear as day, hence the word dagsanna, or satt sem dagr, q.v. 2. of different days; í dag, to-day, Grág. i. 16, 18, Nj. 36, Ld. 76, Fms. vi. 151; í gær-dag, yesterday; í fyrra dag, the day before yesterday, Háv. 50; í hinni-fyrra dag, the third day; annars dags, Vígl. 23, Pass. 50. I; hindra dags, the hinder day, the day after to-mor- row, Hm. 109; dag eptir dag, day after day, Hkr. ii. 313; dag frá degi, from day to day, Fms. ii. 230; hvern dag frá öðrum, id., Fms. viii. 182; annan dag frá öðrum. id., Eg. 277; um daginn, during the day; á dögunum. the other day; nótt ok dag, night and day; liðlangan dag, the 'life-long' day; dögunum optar, more times than there are days, i.e. over and over again, Fms. x. 433; á deyjanda degi, on one's day of death, Grág. i. 402. . regu-dagr, a rainy day: sólskins-dagr, a sunny day; sumar- dagr, a summer day; vetrar-dagr, a winter day; hátíðis-dagr, a feast day; fegins-dagr, a day of joy; dóms-dagr, the day of doom, judgment day, Gl. 82, Fms. viii. 98; hamingju-dagr, heilla-dagr, a day of happiness; gleði- dagr, id.; brúðkaups-dagr, bridal-day; burðar-dagr, a birthday. 3. in pl. days in the sense of times; aðrir dagar, Fms. i. 216; ek ætlaða ekki at þessir dagar mundu verða, sem nú eru orðnir, Nj. 171; góðir dagar, happy days, Fms. xi. 286, 270; sjá aldrei glaðan dag (sing.), never to see glad days. . á e-s dögum, um e-s daga eptir e-s daga, esp. of the lifetime or reign of kings, Fms.; but in Icel. also used of the lög- sögumaðr, Jb. repeatedly; vera á dögum, to be alive; eptir minn dag, 'after my day,' i.e. when I am dead. . calendar days, e.g. Hvita- dagar, the White days, i.e. Whitsuntide; Hunda-dagar, the Dog days; Banda-dagr, Vincula Petri; Höfuð-dagr, Decap. Johannis; Geisla-dagr, Epiphany; Imbru-dagar, Ember days; Gang-dagar, 'Ganging days,' Ro- gation days; Dýri-dagr, Corpus Christi; etc. 4. of the week- days; the old names being Sunnu-d. or Drottins-d., Mána-d., Týs-d., Öðins-d., Þórs-d., Frjá-d., Laugar-d. or Þvátt-d. It is hard to understand how the Icel. should be the one Teut. people that have disused the old names of the week-days; but so it was, vide Jóns S. ch. 24; fyrir bauð hann at eigna daga vitrum mönnum heiðnum, svá sem at kalla Týrsdag

Source: Cleasby/Vigfusson, page b0099, entry 46
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DILKR, in. a sucking lamb, Grett. 137, þorst. St. 51. Grág. 1. 417, ii. 307, in the last passage also of sucking pigs, calves or kid s, - kviga (a ''jney' or young cow) með tvá dilka, Ísl. ii. 401; in Icel. households the lambs are separated from the mother in June, this is called ' færa frá, ' the time ' tráfærur, ' the lamb; fráfærn-lamb;' the lambs that are left with the mother all the summer are called 'dilkar' as opp. to ' fráfæru- larnb. ' 2. metaph. the small folds all round a great sheepfold. p. the phrase, e-t dregr dilk eptir sér. it brings trouble in its train.

Source: Cleasby/Vigfusson, page b0108, entry 30
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DUGGA, u, f. a ' dogger, ' small (Dutch or Ens.)jîsbing vessel, Ann. 1413, where it is reported that thirty English ' fiski-duggur' came fishing about Icel. that summer; (hence the Engl. Dogger-bank) :-- duggari, a, in. the crew of n dugga, D. N. ii. 651. 2. a lazy dogged fellow, Edda (GL), Trist. (Fr.)

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