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Source: Bosworth/Toller, page d0523, entry 5
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heán. Add; I. of persons. (1) of low degree, of humble condition, low, poor, as opposed to ríce, welig, wlanc :-- Se hálga (Noah) cwæð þæt hé (Ham) wesan sceolde heán . . . hleómága þeów (servus servorum erit fratribus suis, Gen. 9, 25), Gen. 1595. Ic mé ceóse þæt ic heán gange on hús Godes elegi abjectus esse in domo Dei mei, Ps. Th. 83, 11. Heán sceal gehnígan, Gn. Ex. 118. Doem þm freóndleásan and ðm heánan (humili), Ps. Srt. 9, 39. Heánne and ðearfan, 81, 3. Ic eom se ilca God þe þone weligan and þone heánan geworhte, Wlfst. 259, 8. Deáð þone rícan gelíce and þone heánan ofswelgþ and swá geemnet þá rícan and þá heánan mors involvit humile pariter et celsum caput, aequatque summis infima, Bt. 19; F. 68, 33. Ealle gelíce on woruld cumað, wlance and heáne, Met. 17, 6. Ne mæg nig . . . rícra ne heánra, Gú. 968. Wloncum and heánum. Wal. 43. (1 a) of human as opposed to celestial beings :-- Ðú (Christ) dugeðum cwóme heánum tó hróðre, Cri. 414: 632. (1 b) of inferior rank :-- Heánra cempa miles ordinarius, Wrt. Voc. ii. 59, 14. (2) of little worth, mean, ignoble, base :-- Heán waes lange, swá hyne Geáta bearn gódne ne tealdon, ne hyne micles wyrðne Drihten gedón wolde, swýðe wéndon þæt hé sleac wre, æðeling unfrom, B. 2183. Ðú scealt andettan yfeldda má, heán helle gst. Jul. 457 : 615. Helm sceal cénum and á þæs heánan hyge hord unginnost, Gn. Ex. 206. Áhrede mé hearmcwidum heánra manna, Ps. Th. 118, 134. (2 a) applied to a thing personified :-- Hió (day) sceal wreccan láste hámleás hweorfan, nó þý heánre bið, Rä. 40, 9. (3) reduced to a low position or condition, brought low, rendered abject, humbled :-- Ic sceal heán and earm wadan wræclástas wuldre benémed, duguðum bedéled, Sat. 120: Cri. 265. Æ-acute;r þon ic gehéned heán gewurðe priusquam humiliarer, Ps. Th. 118, 67. Gé magon geþencan hú heán hé wearþ his geblóta and his diófolgilda (how low he was brought through his sacrifices and idolatries ?), þá þá gé hiene gebundenne hæfdon and hiene átugon swá swá gé woldon, Ors. 6, 37; S. 296, 22. Þé (Satan) se Ælmihtiga heánne gehngde, An. 1193. Wræcstówe wérige gástas . . . heáne gefóran, Gen. 91: Ps. Th. 87, 5. Sé þe hine sylfne áhefeð heáhmódne, sé sceal heán wesan, Mód. 54. (4) depressed, dejected, cast down, miserable :-- For hwon wást þú weán, gesyhst sorge, sagast lífceare heán, hygegeómor, Gen. 879 : 866. Feasceaft hæleð . . . heán, hygegeómor, heófende spræc, An. 1559: 1089. Hé sceal heán þonan, geómor hweorfan, þám bið gomenes wana, Gú. 1327 (cf. 1353): An. 893: Ph. 554: B. 2099: 2408. Hé heán gewát, dreáme bedled, 1274. Beornas wépað wánende, heáne, hygegeómre, hreówum gedreahte, Cri. 994: El. 1216. (5) low in fortune, wretched, in evil plight :-- Wend þé from wynne, þú scealt mid weres egsan hearde genearwod heán þrowian þínra dda gedwild, Gen. 921. Ic fleáh weán, wana wilna gehwilces, heán of wícum, 2273. Þú hreósan sceoldes heán in helle helpendra leás, Cri. 1414. Þú scealt wérigmód, heán, hróðra leás hearm þrowigan, An. 1369. Ic eów hálsie þæt gé mé of þyssum earfeðum úp forlten heánne, El. 701. Heáne, hróðra bidled, hyhta leáse helle sóhton. Jul. 681. II. of things. (1) of little importance :-- Dryhten ðá heánan gelócað Dominus humilia respicit, Ps. Srt. 112, 6. (2) of actions, mean, base, low :-- Ne þr ówiht inne ne belífe on heortscræfe heánra gylta nec laleat guidquam culparum cordis in antro, Dóm. L.

Source: Bosworth/Toller, page d0559, entry 8
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hopp-scte a coverlet (?). Substitute: hop-scte (hopp-) a bed-curtain, and add :-- Heó (Judith) nam heáfod and his hopsctan abstulit conopeum eius (cf. An. Ox. 7, 365 where conopeum, occurring in the story of Judith, is glossed by wáhreft. In the poem of Judith the word is rendered byfleóhnett, Jud. 47), Hml. As. III, 307.

Source: Bosworth/Toller, page d0564, entry 7
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hreód. Add: I. as a collective or generic term, reed, the reed, reeds; a reedy place(?):--Hreód (reód, 112, 46) carectum (v. Numquid crescere potest carectum sine aqua?, Job 8, 11), Txts. 47, 387: Wrt. Voc. ii. 13, 37: 129, 15. Þr synd . . . manige eáland and hreód and beorhgas and treówgewrido crebris insularum nemoribus, Guth. Gr. 113, 5. On þre eá ófre stód hreód fluminis ripas harundo vestiebat, Nar. 8. 20. Wæs seó burh mid þý hreóde . . . þe wé r sægdon geworht oppidum ex his arundinibus quas ante descripsimus erat edificatum, 10, 13. In heáhmórum and hreódum (hreódeum, hréþum, réþum, v. ll.) in high mountains and in rough places covered with reeds (? cf. Guth. Gr. 113, 5 supra; but the Latin is 'in arduis asperisque montibus'), Bd. 4, 27; Sch. 515, 13. II. a reed:--Hreód harundo, canna, Wrt. Voc. ii. 110, 22: ferula, 98, 9: calamus vel canna vel arundo, i. 79, 27. Hiá genómon hreád (harundinem) and slógun heáfud his, Mt. L. 27, 30. II a. a reed for writing:--Hreód bóceras (scribe, Ps. Cam. has writ scribe, Ps. Srt. Vos. have writ scrib. Is it possible that scribe has been taken as imperative and glossed by wrít? Or should wríteres be read for writ? The best version is given in Ps. Rdr. where calamus scrib, is rendered wrítingfeþer bóceres) hrædlíce wrítendes calamus scribae uelociter scribentis, Ps. L. 44, 2. Hangode seó carte on þám hreóde conspicit unam arundinem . . . in cujus fastigio . . . schedulam . . . pendentem, Guth. Gr. 141, 18. ¶ the word forms part of many compounds in local names, e. g. hreód-bróc, C. D. iii. 79, 26: hreód-burne, 25, 18: hreód- íg, v. 121, 30: hreód-leáh, iii. 246, 19: hreód-md, vi. 153, 9: hreód-mór, C. D. B. ii. 433, 29: hreód-pól, C. D. ii. 29, 10: hreód-slæd, vi. 137, 17.

Source: Bosworth/Toller, page d0592, entry 12
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infangene-þeóf. Add :-- Ic an heom hý habben ... infangeneðeóf (In the Latin version of the charter this is rendered: Concedo ut habeant ... potestatem fures in terra sua cum re furtiua deprehensos in ios uocandi et puniendi), C.D. iv. 202, 8. Mid tolle and teáme and infangenenðéf, 217, 29. Ic an toll and teám and infangeneðéf, 216, 5, and often, [v. N.E.D. infangthief.] v. handfangen[e]-, útfangene-þeóf.

Source: Bosworth/Toller, page d0619, entry 11
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lippa. Add: [Weler is generally used where modern English would have lip, e. g. in Ps. 51, 15 (quoted at R. Ben. I. 69, 9) labia is rendered by weleras in R. Ben. 62, 10, and in all the versions of the Psalter.] I. either of the two fleshy structures which form the edges of the mouth: -- Hunigswéte reádum andþraciaþ lippan smrum mellea (tune) roseis herescunt labia labris, An. Ox. 3186. II. with special reference (1) to feeding :-- Smrum gífrum and mid grdigum lippum buccis ambronibus et labris lurconibus. An. Ox. 699. (2) to speech :-- Míne lippan þú geopena labia mea aperies, R. Ben. I. 69, 9.

Source: Bosworth/Toller, page d0759, entry 1
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be-willan to roll, v. be-wélan. be-windan. Add: Heáfe bewindan to encompass with grief, to grieve about, Gn. Ex. 150. be-witan; I. add :-- Ðú, man, bewite þé sylfne scito, homo, temetipsum, Verc. Först. 128, 16. be-wrencan. v. fægen; 2 c. be-wreón. v. in-b. be-wrítan. Add :-- Gá tó ðre wyrte and bewrít hý ábútan mid ánum gyldenan hringe, Lch. i. 112, 22. be-wuna. Add :-- Hé þæt feoh tó sellanne næfde his here swá hié bewuna wron, Ors. 3, 7; S. 116, 15. biccen. v. byccen. biddan; II a 2. add :-- Hé bæd þone hálgan wer sumne dl eles, Hml. Th. ii. 178, 16. bidung. v. an-(on-)b. bifigendlic tremendous :-- An þám byfgendlican (tremendo) dæge, Chrd. 93, 27. bígan. v. under-b. -bígan. v. ge-b. -bíge. v. tó-b. -bígende. v. tó-b. bí-genga. v. eorþ-, feoh-, ród-b. bí-genged. v. heofon-b. bí-gengness. v. eorþ-b. big-spæc. v. bí-swæc. bilding. v. forþ-b. bile-wit. v. un-b. bindan. (4 a) add :-- Ne binde þé seó racetæáh, Gr. D. 214, 11. v. searu-bunden. binnan. v. þr-b. -birdling. v. frum-b. -birg. v. ge-b. birnan. v. sin-, un-birnende; þurh-burnen. bisceop. Add :-- Biscobi (-e) pontifice, Jn. L. 18, 22: 24. v. efen-, fore-, heáfod-, heáh-b. bisceopung. Add :-- Bútan bisceopunge absque confirmatione, Chrd. 50, 5. bisceop-weorod a bishop's band :-- Mid ealle his biscopweorode (campwerede, v. l.), Bd. 3, 24; Sch. 309, 11. bisceop-wyrt. v. feld-b. bisen. v. gelíc-b. bisenian. I. add: to give an example in respect to :-- Heó him bysnode mid gódre gedrohtnunge tó Godes þeówdóme, Hml. S. 2, 125: Ælfc. Gen. Thw. 2, 28. v. mis-b. bisgian. v. fore-b. bisgung. v. mód-b. bismerian. Add: with dat. :-- He arn ... bysmrigende þæs drýes yfelddum, Hml. Th. ii. 414, 26. bisnere. v. ge-b. bí-swæc, -swec treachery :-- Bygswæc (-swec, v. l., bygspæc, Ps. Spl.) supplantationem, Ps. Rdr. 40, 10. v. be-swic. bítan. v. ge-b.; hunger-biten. bite. v. hæfern-, sweord-b. bítel. v. sleg-b. biter; II. add :-- Seó ehtnys bið ealra biterost, Hml. Th. ii. 542, 28. blác. Add :-- Andwlitu geolwe blác ... reáde wan, Lch. ii. 348, 16-19. blácern-leoht lamplight :-- Þæs blácernes leóht næs gesýne ... hé geseh eft blácernleóht, Vis. Lfc. 54-59. blc; II. add :-- Bléc, Txts. 44, 139. blæc-horn. Add :-- Blæchorn atramentarium, Archiv cxix. 185. blæd, v. eár-, leác-b. blæstm, es; m. Blast :-- Þra líga blæstm, Verc. Först. 74, 7. blandan. v. ge-b.; un-blanden; blendan. bláwan. I. add: I a. of a place, to have wind blowing in it :-- Seó dene wæs weallende mid lígum on ánre sídan, on óðre sídan mid hagole bláwende búton tóforltennysse, Hml. Th. ii. 350, 9. II 3. add :-- Bytte bláwan fulle windes. Hml. S. 34, 317. v. geond-, in-b.; lígfám-bláwende. bláwende blustering, with high winds :-- Bláwende lencten, Archiv cxx. 298, 19. bláwere. v. horn-b. blec ... blæce. l. bléc, bléce. v. blc, blce. blendan to mix, v. ge-b. -bleód. v. ge-b. bleoh. In ll. 2, 3 for bleoge efenlce. l. bleó geefenlce, and add: v. gold-b. blere, blerig. Add: [Cf. O. H. Ger. blas ros qui albam frontem habeat: Icel. blesi a blaze, white star on a horse's forehead: M. H. Ger. blas bald, v. N. E. D. blaze.] blerian. v. á-blered. bletsian. Add: I a . to pronounce the benediction in a religious service :-- Hé hæfeð nú gemæssod, and bletsað nú þis folc, Vis. Lfc. 17. Þonne gé bletsiað on Israhéla folc, Num. 6, 23. bletsung. v. fant-, ge-b. blician. Add :-- Martira bliciend(e) (candidatus) werod, Angl. ii. 357, 12. blindan. v. for-, ge-b. blindian. v. of-b. blinnan. v. of-b. blinnedness. v. á-b. blissian. Add: III. with prep. :-- Hí for hire hle blyssodon, Hml. S. 7, 281. v. efen-b. blíþe. v. efen-, gemynd-b. blíþian. v. ge-b. blod-lte, an; f. Blood-letting, bleeding :-- Æt blódltan, Lch. ii. 16, 8. blostm. Add :-- Lilian blóstm oþþe rosan brð, Hml. S. 34, 104. blótan. Add :-- hié sceolden mid monnum for hié heora godum blótan, Ors. 4, 7; S. 184, 5. blówan. Add :-- Bloewð, Ps. Vos. 91, 13. bóc beech. Add: beech-mast (?) :-- Gif ne byð ne æceren ne bóc ne oðer mæsten si glandes uel fagina non sint, Chrd. 15, 10. bóc a book. Add: dat. bóce, R. Ben. 67, 9. I a 2. add: a title-deed :-- Se cyng gebécte ðæt land Æðelstáne ... Ecgferð gebohte bóc and land æt Æðelstáne, Cht. E. 202, 25. Se cing hét þone arcebisceop bóc settan and Æðelstáne bóc and land betécan, C. D. iv. 234, 23. II. add :-- Ðás hálgan beoc, Txts. 175, 7, 16. v. cneóres-, cwid-, færeld-, freóls-, frófor-, geán-, hálgung-, heáls-, lce-, lár-, mynster-, nam-, síþ-, sumer-b. bócung. For 'Dele' substitute: Conveyance by charter or deed :-- Ic geaf ... ðonæ hagan ... tó ðre ilcan bócunga ðæ ðæt land gæbócod is, C. D. v. 257, 12. boda. v. fore-, gebyrd-b. bodere. v. fore-b. bodian. v. á-, fr-b. bodig. v. foran-b. bodung. v. lár-b. bogiht. l. bogiht(e). bold. I. add :-- Se biseeop sceal habban þá preóstas on his ágenum bo[l]de (domo), Chrd. 44, 35. v. ealdor-b. -bor. v. for-b. bora. v. leóht-, witum-b. bord. v. steor-b.; útan-bordes. bore. v. loc-b. boren; adj. (ptcpl.) Of (such and such) birth :-- Sý swá boren swá hé sý whatever his birth be, Ll. Th. i. 248, 4. Gif borenran (æþel-, bett-b., v. ll.) þis gelimpe, 70, 1. v. æþel-, bet-, betst-, wel-b. borg-steall a borstal, 'any seat on the side or pitch of a hill,' Hall. Dict., a steep path up a hill. Take here passage given at burg-steall :-- In loco qui dicitur æt Borstealle, C. D. iii. 209, 5. In loco qui dicitur Gealtborgsteal (cf. Icel. göltr a hog), C. D. B. i. 365, 4. [v. N. E. D.; D. D.; Dictionary of Kentish Dialect (E. Dial. Soc.); Midd. Flur.] borh. Add: I a. what is given as security :-- Fó tó þam borge sé þe þæs weddes waldend sý, Ll. Th. i. 254, 21. II. add: of a body of persons :-- Hér swutelað seó gewitnes and se borh þe þr æt wron (here follows a list of names), C. D. iv. 235, 19. v. god-borh. borh-fæstan. v. ge-b. borian. Add :-- Borgenti terebrantes, Txts. 111, 14. bót. v. dolg-, fhþ-, feoh-, hlóþ-, sár-b. bótian. v. ge-b. botl. In l. 7 for '433' l. 443. v. ge-b. box. v. gewyrt-, sealf-b. bracu. v. fearn-bracu. brád. II 1. add :-- Hring on heofonum brdre þonne sunne, Ors. 5, 10; S. 234, 9. v. efen-b. brád the full breadth of the hand :-- Swá mycel swá gód hande brád, Vis. Lfc. 73. [v. N. E. D. broad; B. 2.] brádian. v. ge-b. brádlinga. Cf. ecglinga. brd. v. hrycg-b. bræd-ísen (brd- ?). If bræd = bred (q. v.), the vowel is short, but if it may be compared with Icel. bragð in bragð-alr the vowel is long. -brdness. v. leoht-b. brægd. v. nearu-b. brægden. v. ge-, leás-b. brægdenlíce. v. ge-b. brw. v. eág-b. breáþ. Add: v. bríþel. breca. v. hád-b. brecan; I 1 . of ground, to make uneven, to intersect with ravines :-- Tó brocenan beorge; of brocenan beorge, C. D. B. ii. 245, 34. v. ful-b.; healf-brocen. bred. v. fót-b. bredende. v. leás-bregdende. bregd. v. ge-b. bregdness. v. ge-, leás-b. brégend-lic terrible, Ps. Rdr. 46, 3. brego. Add :-- Gode ic hæbbe ábolgen brego moncynnes, Hy. 4, 78. bréman. Add :-- Þæs bisceopes gebod bréman uoluntatem episcopi implere, Chrd. 18, 35. brémel-hyrne a corner where there are brambles (?) :-- On ðá brémbælhyrnan (-þyrnan?); of ðræ hyrnan, C. D. v. 112, 30; 291, 20. brengness. v. ge-b. Breoten-ríce. Add :-- Breotanríces fægran íglandes cyncg, Nap. 11. breóþan. Add :-- Bruðun (tabuerant) ealle eardigende, Ps. Rdr. 282, 15. [N. E. D. brethe.] Bret a Briton :-- Ne wearð án Bret (Brit, v. l.) tó láfe, Chr. 491; P. 14, 17. bréþel. v. bríþel. brim. (For El. 972 v. fæþm(i)an.) Add :-- Tó brimes faroðe, B. 28. brim-ceald. l. (?) brym-ceald. Cf. Cealda brymmas, Chr. 1065; P. 193, 35. brim-faroþ?. v. faroþ; I. bringan. Add :-- Briengan, Past. 369, 17: 403, 27. -bringelle. v. on-b. -brítedness. v. for-b. bríþel fragile, weak, perishable :-- Eall hé weornige swá sýre (? syer, MS.) wudu weornie, swa bréðel seó (þeo, MS.) swá þystel, Lch. i. 384, 14. [v. N. E. D. brethel a worthless fellow.] v. breáþ, breóþan. bríwan to prepare a poultice :-- Genim línsd, gegrind, bríwe wið þám elmes drænce; bið gód sealf foredum lime, Lch. ii. 66, 25. broc. v. ge-b. bróc. v. mr-, mearc-b. -brocenlic. v. tó-b. -brocian. v. wiþer-b. bróga. v. helle-wíte-, s-b. broht ? v. broþ. brómig. v. blóstmig. brord. II. add :-- Swylce dropan ofer brod (super gramina), Ps. L. 243, 2. brosniendlic. v. ge-b. broanodlíce. v. un-b. bróþor; I. add :-- Twégra bróþor (bróþera, v. l.) sunu and dohtor, Bd. 1, 27; Sch. 69, 2. v. fóster-b. bróþor-scipe. v. ge-b. brúcan. [For translation of Wand. 44 in Dict. substitute: he ruled a liberal lord. v. III. in Supplement.] bryce. Add :-- Hý him bryce heóldon (v. healdan; XI (4)) they did him service, Gú. 701. v. weorold-bryce. brycg. Add :-- Tó ðre stnenan brycge, C. D. iii. 449, 23. v. eorþ-b. brycg-geweorc. ¶ Add :-- Uiatici fundatione (restauratione, 74, 16) pontis, C. D. iv. 65, 34. brycgian. [O. H. Ger. bruccón.] brygd. v. gearo-b. brym-ceald. v. brim-ceald. bryne. v. fýr-, hús-, mann-b. brýtofta. Cf. ge-þofta. brytsen. v. ge-b. brytta. v. fódder-, hláf-, sinc-b. búan; pp. (ge-)bogen. II. add :-- Ánseld búgan, Gú. 1214. v. geár-gemearc; gein-, in-búan. bucca. v. gát-b. búend. Add :-- Þá búendan (inhabitatores) þæs landes, Ps. L. 242, 2: 3. búend; f. v. land-b. bufan. v. þr-b. búgan. v. ofer-b.; wóh-bogen. búgendlic. v. for-b. bugol. v. ge-b. bulluc. Add :-- Tó bulluces sole, C. D. B. ii. 245, 30. bundenness. v. ge-b. búness. v. ge-, land-b. burg. v. eorþ-, friþ-, in-, líc-b. burg-bót. This part of the trimoda necessitas is variously rendered in the Latin charters, e.g. arx; arx construenda, arcis (arcium) confectio, constructio, necessaria defensio contra hostes, edificatio, exercitium, instructio, iuuamen, munimen, munimentum, munitio, recuperatio, renouatio, restauratio, subsidium; urbium reparatio, iugis assolidatio; murorum reparatio; munitionis castellique auxilium; fossa aduersum inimicos facienda. v. fird and brycg-geweorc for references, and weall-geweorc. burg-geat; I. add :-- Gif ceorl geþeáh hé hæfde ... bellhús and burhgeat

Source: Cleasby/Vigfusson, page b0012, entry 25
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aldr-tili, a, m. [cp. as to the last part, Germ, ziel], death, loss of life, exitium; rather poët.; or in prose only used in emphatic phrases; hefir þó lokit sumum stöðum með aldrtila, has ended fatally, Fms. viii. 153; ætla ek þær lyktir munu á verða, at vér munim a. hljóta af þeim konungi, he will prove fatal to our family, Eg. 19; mun ek þangað sækja heldr yndi en a. (an alliterative phrase), Bret. 36; údæmi ok a., 38 :-- the words, Acts ix. I, 'breathing out tbreatenings and slaughter,' are in the Icel. translation of the year 1540 rendered 'Saul blés ógn og aldrtila.'

Source: Cleasby/Vigfusson, page b0013, entry 1
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al-göra, ð, to finish, of buildings, Hkr. iii. 180, Ld. 114. Metaph. to fulfil Fms. iii. 49, Hom. 8, Stj. 18. Reflex, to become completed, Post. 626 B. II. Part. algörr, perfect; perfectam fortitudinem is rendered by algorvan styrkleik, thorough strength, Fms. viii. (pref.), i. 96, Sks. 44, 274, Stj. 563, 114; hið algörvasta, 677. 7.

Source: Cleasby/Vigfusson, page b0016, entry 7
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A. In sing, as adj. or substantively, cunctus, totus, omnis: I. all, entire, the whole; hón á allan arf eptir mik, she has all my heritage after me, Nj. 3; um alla þingsafglöpun, every kind of þ., 150; gaf hann þat allt, all, 101; at öllum hluta, in totum, Grág. i. 245; allr heilagr dómr, the whole body of Christians, ii. 165; á öllu því máli, Fms. vii. 311; allu fólki, thewhole people, x. 273; hvitr allr, white all over, 655 xxxii. 21; bú allt, thewhole estate, Grág. i. 244; fyrir allt dagsljós, before any dawn of light, Hom. 41: with the addition of saman = GREEK -- Icel. now in fem. sing. and n. pl. say öll sömun, and even n. sing. allt samant; in old writers saman is indecl., -- the whole, Germ, sänmtlich, zusammen; allt saman féit, thewhole amount, entire, Grág. ii. 148; þenna hernað allan saman, all together, Fms. i. 144; fyrir allan saman ójafnað þann, Sd. 157. Metaph. in the phrase, at vera ekki allr þar sem hann er sénn (séðr), of persons of deep, shrewd characters, not to be seen through, but also with a feeling of something 'uncanny' about them, Fms. xi. 157 (a familiar phrase); ekki er oil nótt úti enn, sagði draugrinn, the night is not all over yet, said the ghost, 'the Ides are not past' (a proverb), v. Ísl. þjóðs. 2. all, entire, full; allan hálfan mánuð, for the entire fortnight, Nj. 7; þar til er Kjartani þykir allt mál upp, until Kjartan thought it was high time, of one nearly (or) well-nigh drowned, Hkr. i. 286. II. metaph. past, gone, dead, extinct; perh. ellipt., vera allr í brottu, quite gone, Eb. 112 new Ed.; var Hrappr þá allr í brottu, Nj. 132; then by an ellipsis of 'brottu,' or the like, allr simply == past, gone: . past, of time; seg þú svá fremi frá því er þessi dagr er allr, when this day is past, Nj. 96, Fms. ii. 38, 301; var þá öll þeirra vinátta, their friendship was all gone, Fms. ix. 428; allt er mi mitt megin, my strength is gone, exhausted, Str. . dead; þá er Geirmundr var allr, gone, dead, Landn. (Hb.) 124; siz Gunnarr at Hlíðarenda var allr, since G. of Lithend was dead and gone (v. l. to lézt), Nj. 142; sem faðir þeirra væri allr, after his death, Stj. 127; þá er Nói var allr, 66; en sem hann var allr, 100; eptir þat er Sara var öll, after all Sara's days were over, 139, 140, 405; á vegum allr hygg ek at at ek verða munu, that I shall perish on the way, Gg. verse 5; með því at þú ert gamlaðr mjök, þá munu þeir eigi út koma fyr en þú ert allr, Háv. 57; still freq. in Swed., e. g. blifwa all af bekumring, be worn out with sorrow; vinet blev alt, fell short; tiden er all, past. III. used almost adverbially, when it may be translated by all, quite, just, entirely; klofnaði hann allr í sundr, was all cloven asunder, Nj. 205; er sá nú allr einn í þínu liði er nú hefir eigi höfuðs, ok hinn, er þá eggiaði hins versta verks er eigi var fram komit, where it seems, however, rather to mean one and the same ... or the very same ..., thus, and he is now one and the same man in thy band, who has now lost his bead, and he who then egged tbee on to the worst work when it was still undone, or the very same, ... who, Nj. 213; vil ek at sú görð häldist öll, in all its parts, 256; kváðu Örn allan villast, that he was all bewildered, Ld. 74. IV. neut. sing, used as a subst. in the sense of all, everything, in every respect; ok for svá með öllu, sem ..., acted in everything as..., Nj. 14, Ld. 54; ok lát sem þú þykist þar allt eiga, that you depend upon him in all, Fms. xi. 113; eigi er enn þeirra allt, they have not yet altogether won the game, Nj. 235: í alls vesöld, in all misery, Ver. 4; alls mest, most of all, espe- cially, Fms. ii. 137 C, Fs. 89 (in a verse); in mod. usage, allra mest, cp. below. The neut. with a gen.; allt missera, all the year round, Hom. 73; allt annars, all the rest, Grág. ii. 141; at öllu annars, in all other respects, - K. Þ. K. 98; þá var allt (all, everybody) við þá hrætt, Fas. i. 338. In the phrases, at öllu, in all respects, Fms. i. 21, Grág. i. 431; ef hann á eigi at öllu framfærsluna, if he be not the sole supporter, 275: úreyndr at öllu, untried in every way, Nj. 90; cp. Engl. not at all, prop. not in every respect, analogous to never, prop, not always: fyrir alls sakir, in every respect, Grág. ii. 47, Fas. i. 252: í öllu, in everything, Nj. 90, 228: með öllu, wholly, quite, dauðr með öllu, quite dead, 153; neita með öllu, to refuse outright, Fms. i. 35, 232, Boll. 342: um allt, in respect of everything, Nj. 89; hence comes the adverb ávalt, ever = of allt = um allt, prop, in every respect, v. ávalt. V. the neut. sing, allt is used as an adv., right up to, as far as, all the way; Brynjólfr gengr allt at honum, close to him, Nj. 58; kómu allt at bænum, 79; allt at búðardyrunum, right up to the very door of the booth, 247; allt norðr urn Stað, all along north, round Cape Stad, Fms. vii. 7; suðr allt í Englands haf, iv. 329; verit allt út í Miklagarð, as far out as Constantinople, ii. 7, iv. 250, 25; allt á klofa, Bárð. 171. 2. everywhere, in all places; at riki Eireks konungs mundi allt yfir standa í Eyjunum, might stretch over the whole of the Islands, Eg. 405; Sigröðr var konungr allt um Þrændalög, over all Drontheim, Fms. i. 19; bjoggu þar allt fyrir þingmenn Runólfs goða, the liegemen of R. the priest were in every house, ii. -234 (= í hverju húsi, Bs. i. 20); allt norðr um Rogaland, all the way north over the whole of R., Fms. iv. 251; vóru svirar allt gulli búnir, all overlaid with gold, vi. 308; hafið svá allt kesjurnar fyrir, at ekki megi á ganga, hold your spears every- where (all along the line) straight before you, that they (the enemy) may not come up to you, 413; allt imdir innviðuna ok stafnana, vii. 82. 3. nearly = Lat. jam, soon, already; vóru allt komin fyrir hann bréf, warrants of arrest were already in his way, Fms. vii. 207; var allt skipat liðinu til fylkingar, the troops were at once drawn up in array, 295; en allt hugðum vér (still we thought) at fara með spekt um þessi héruð, Boll. 346. 4. temp. all through, until; allt til Júnsvöku, Ann. 1295; allt um daga Hák- onar konungs, all through the reign of king Hacon, Bs. i. 731. 5. in phrases such as, allt at einu, all one, all in the same way, Fms. i. 113. In Icel. at present allt að einu means all the same: allt eins, nevertheless; ek ætla þó utan a. eins, Ísl. ii. 216; hann neitaði allt eins at..., refused all the same, Dipl. iii. 13; allt eins hraustliga, not the less manly, Fms. xi. 443. The mod. Icel. use is a little different, namely = as, in similes = just as; allt eins og blómstrið eina (a simile), just as the flower, the initial words of the famous hymn by Hallgrim. 6. by adding 'of' = far too ..., much too ..., Karl. 301 (now freq.) 7. with a comparative, much, far, Fms. vi. 45 (freq.) VI. neut. gen. alls [cp. Ulf. allis = GREEK; A. S. ealles], used as an adv., esp. before a negative (ekki, hvergi), not a bit, not at all, no how, by no means; þeir ugðu alls ekki at sér, they were not a bit afraid, Nj. 252; hræðumst vér hann nú alls ekki, we do not care a bit for him, 260; á hólmgöngu er vandi en alls ekki (none at all) á einvigi, Korm. 84; en junkherra Eiríkr þóttíist ekki hafa, ok kallaði sik Eirik alls ekki (cp. Engl. lackland), Fms. x. 160; alls hvergi skal sök koma undir enn þriðja mann, no how, in no case, by no means, Grág. i. 144: sometimes without a negative following it; ær alls geldar, ewes quite barren, Grág. i. 502; hafrar alls geldir, id.; alls vesall, alto- gether wretched, Nj. 124; alls mjök stærist hann nú, very much, Stj.; a. mest, especially, Fs. 89, Fms. ii. 137. In connection with numbers, in all, in the whole; tólf vóru þau alls á skipi, twelve were they all told in the ship, Ld. 142; tíu Íslenzkir menn alls, 164; alls fórust níu menn, the slain were nine in all, Ísl. ii. 385; verða alls sárir þrír eða fleiri, Grág. ii. 10; alls mánuð, a full month, i. 163; þeir ala eitt barn alls á aefi sinni, Rb. 346. . with addition of 'til' or 'of' = far too much; alls of lengi, far too long a time, Fms. i. 140; hefnd alls til lítil, much too little, vi. 35. B. In pl. allir, allar, öll, as adj. or substantively: 1. used absol. all; þeir gengu út allir, all men, altogether, Nj. 80; Síðan bjoggust þeir heiman allir, 212; Gunnarr reið ok beir allir, 48; hvikit þér allir, 78, etc. 2. as adj., alla höfðingja, all the chiefs, Nj. 213; ór öllum fjórð- ungum á landinu, all the quarters of the land, 222; at vitni guðs ok allra heilagra manna, all the saints, Grág. ii. 22; í allum orrostum, in all the battles, Fms. x. 273; Josep ok allir hans ellifu bræðr, Stj., etc. 3. by adding aðrir, flestir, etc.; allir aðrir, all other, everyone else, Nj. 89, Fms. xi. 135: flestir allir, nearly all, the greatest part of, v. flestr; in mod. use flestallir, flest being indecl.: allir saman, altogether, Nj. 80. 4. adverb., Gregorius hafði eigi öll fjögr hundruð, not all, not quite, four hundred, Fms. vii. 255. 5. used ellipt., allir (everybody) vildu leita þér vegs, Nj. 78. 6. gen. pl. allra, when followed by superl. neut. adj. or adv., of all things, all the more; en nú þyki mér þat allra sýnst er ..., all the more likely, as ..., Ld. 34; allra helzt er þeir heyra, par- ticularly now when they hear, Fms. ix. 330; allra helzt ef hann fellr meir, all the rather, if ..., Grág. ii. 8; allra sízt, least of all, 686 B. 2; bæn sú kemr til þess allra mest, especially, Hom. 149: very freq. at present in Icel., and used nearly as Engl. very, e. g. allra bezt, the very best; a. hæst, neðst, fyrst, the very highest, lowest, foremost, etc. C. alls is used as a prefix to several nouns in the gen., in order to express something common, general, universal. COMPDS: alls-endis or alls-hendis, adv. -- scarcely to be derived from 'hönd' -- in every respect, quite, thoroughly, used almost exclusively in connection with a preceding negative, eigi, eingi, or the like, and giving additional force to the negation; er þat hugboð mitt, at vér berim eigi agæfu til um vár skipti, it is my foreboding, that we shall not carry luck with us to the very end of our dealings, Ld. 160; eigi til allsendis, id., Eg. 75; þat er reynt at eingi maðr heldr sínum þrifnaði til allsendis, it is proved that no man holds his thriving thoroughly, Fms. i. 295. alls-háttar, adv. [háttr], of every sort, kind; a. kurteysi, thoroughly good manners, Fms. i. 17 (freq.) alls-herjar, an old, obsolete gen. from herr; Drottinn Sabaoth is in the Icel. transl. of the Bible rendered by Drottinn AUsherjar, the Lord of Hosts. It is esp. used as an adv. in some political and legal

Source: Cleasby/Vigfusson, page b0048, entry 28
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B. PRONUNCIATION. -- The b is in Icel. sounded exactly as in English: I. as initial it is an agreeable sound in all the branches of the Teutonic, especially in the combinations br and bl, as in 'bread, brother, bride, bloom, blithe, blood, bless,' etc. etc. The Greek and Roman, on the other hand, disliked the initial b sound; but the difference seerns to be addressed to the eye rather than the ear, as the in modern Greek is sounded exactly as Icel. b, whilst is sounded as Icel. v; thus the Greek GREEK in Icel. rendered phonetically by vísundr, but GREEK (biskup, bishop) is in all Teutonic dialects rendered by b, not p, probably because the Greek had exactly this sound. II. but although agreeable as the initial to a syllable, yet as a middle or final letter b in Icel. sounds uncouth and common, and is sparingly used: 1. after a vowel, or between two vowels, b is never sounded in Icel. as in modern German geben, haben, laub, leben, leib, lieb; in all those cases the Icel. spells with an f, sounded as a v. Ulfilas frequently uses b, e.g. graban, haban, saban, ïba, gabei, etc.; yet in many cases he vacillates, e.g. giban, graban, gêban, grôbun, tvalib, but gaf and grôf, etc. So gahalaiban on the Gothic-Runic stone in Tune, but hlaifs, Ulf., Luke vi. 48. The Greek and Latin abound in the use of the b (bh) in the middle of syllables and inflexions (-bus, -bills, -bo): in Icel. only a double b may be tolerated, but only in onomatopoëtic or uncouth words, as babbi (pa of a baby), bobbi (a scrape), stubbi (Germ. stumpf), lubbi (Germ. lump), nabbi (a knob), krabbi (a crab), gabb, babbl, babbla, etc.; cp. similar words in English. 2. joined to a consonant; . in old Swedish b is inserted between m and r or m and l (as in mod. Greek and are sounded and , e.g. Swed. domber, komber, warmber, hambri, gamblar = Icel. dómr, komr (venit), varmr, hamri, gamlar: Swed. kumbl and kubl (Icel. kuml, monumentum) are used indifferently. Even in old Icel. poems we find sumbl = suml, symposium, simbli = simli, Edda i.

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