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Source: Cleasby/Vigfusson, page b0312, entry 23 View original page image as: [TIFF] [PNG] [View previous entry] [View next entry] |
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A. PRONUNCIATION, SPELLING. -- I is either a vowel (i), or consonant (j), called joð: these are here treated separately: 1. the vowel i is sounded either short (i) or long (í), the short (i) like Engl. hill, prolonged with a breath; but it is almost certain that in olden times it was sounded short, as in Engl. wit. 2. the long (í) is sounded as Engl. e or ee in evil, feet. 3. the j is sounded as Engl. y before a vowel, jata, jarð, jól, as yata, yard, yole. The oldest writers bear witness to the use of j as a consonant; thus Thorodd says, -- i þá er hann verðr fyrir samhljóðanda settr, Skálda 164; and the second grammarian, -- en ef hljóðstafr (vowel) er næstr eptir hann, þá skiptisk hann í málstaf (consonant), svo sem já, jörð eða jór, 170; and Olave Hvítaskáld, -- i ok u hafa því fleiri greinir, at þeir eru stundum samhljóðendr, sem í þessum orðum, iarl and uitr, 176; but in syllables beginning with j (ja, jo, ju) in old alliterative poetry it always stands for the vowel, from the earliest poems down to the 15th century, e.g. jörð or ægi -- iðja-græna, Vsp. 58; viltú nokkut jötuninn eiga | ýtum görir hann kosti seiga, Þrymlur 2. 2; Ölmóðr hafði annan dag | járnið þetta at sýna, Skíða R. 64, which, as now pronounced, would sound harsh, since in modern poetry syllables beginning with j cannot be used alliteratively with any other letter, cp. Pass. 37. 1, 10, 40. 8, 46. 3, 11, etc.; only in such words as eg (jeg), eta (jeta) can i serve both as a vowel and consonant, see Pass. 6. 2; but jeg in 5. 5, 10, (the verse 6 of the same hymn is a poetical licence); so also the name Jesús is now and then used alliteratively with a vowel, 47. 18, 21; the hymns of the Reformation follow the same usage. The pronunciation of j seems therefore to have changed: in early times it was probably similar to Engl. e in ear, tear, hear; an additional proof of this is, that the oldest spelling was, as in Anglo-Saxon, ea, eo ...; and Thorodd himself probably wrote ea, e.g. eafn, eárn, earl, for jafn, járn, jarl, see his words: in old poets ea sometimes makes two syllables, e.g. in the verse cited in Skálda 164 (of A.D. 1018); as also in the name Njáll (Niel), which is dissyllabic in the verses, Nj. ch. 136, 146. At a still earlier time j was probably sounded purely as a vowel. II. in ancient MSS. i serves for both i and j; in MSS., esp. of the 15th century, j is used ornamentally for initial i, e.g. jnn = inn, as also in the double ij = í, e.g. tijd = tíð, mijtt = mítt, the j was introduced into print only in the last year of the eighteenth century. 2. an i is often inserted in MSS., esp. after g, k, so as to mark the aspirate sound, e.g. gieta = geta, giæta = gæta, kiær = kær, etc.: in inflexions it is also more correct to write eyjar, bæjar, than eyar, bæar :-- ji is not written, but pronounced, e.g. vili ( = vilji), but vilja.
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Source: Cleasby/Vigfusson, page b0313, entry 5 View original page image as: [TIFF] [PNG] [View previous entry] [View next entry] |
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IÐ- (iðja-, Vsp. 58), a particle only used in compds, chiefly poetical, answering to Goth. iþ-, = Lat. contra, O. H. G. id- and ida-, A. S. ed-, = Lat. re-; but in Icel. esp. in an intensive sense. COMPDS: ið-gjöld, n. pl. recompense; íll iðgjöld, Hm. 106; sonar iðgjöld, Stor. 16; iðgjöld e-s, of one dead, Fs. 13, 61; en þat kom ásamt með mönnum, at hans þóttusk aldrei iðgjöld fá, Bs. i. 70; höfum vér þá nokkut svá iðgjöld föður þíns, Ísl. ii. 175. ið-glíki, n. a counterpart, Eb. (in a verse). ið-glíkr, adj. exactly like, Fms. vi. 180 (in a verse). ið-gnógr, adj. abundant, Hkr. 1. 21. ið-gnótt, f. abundance, Ad. 19. ið-líka, adj. = iðglíkr, Mag. 580. 9. ið-vandliga, adv. honestly, Gd. 20. ið-vandr, adj guileless, Geisli 4, Rekst. 24. II. contracted in a few words, even in mod. usage; í-líkr, much like; í-nógr, e-nough, plentiful; í-lítill, very small.
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Source: Cleasby/Vigfusson, page b0313, entry 8 View original page image as: [TIFF] [PNG] [View previous entry] [View next entry] |
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iða, að, to move to and fro, be restless, like an eddy or mercury; eg iða öll af kæti, Snót; fram og aptr iðar, út á báðar hliðar, Sig. Pétr.; þetta eru þínir smiðir, því er von þú iðir, úr einum í annan stað, Jón Þorl.; freq. in mod. usage.
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Source: Cleasby/Vigfusson, page b0313, entry 21 View original page image as: [TIFF] [PNG] [View previous entry] [View next entry] |
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IÐR, n. pl.; [this word cannot be derived from inn (ð = nn), for even the Gothic idreiga and idreigon have the d; O. H. G. in-adiri; the word is prob., as suggested by Grimm, akin to Germ. ader, Icel. æðr (a vein)] :-- the bowels, entrails (see innyfli), Grág. ii. 371, Bs. i. 346, Orkn. 458, Landn. 217, Ld. 222, Gullþ. 23, Fbr. 208, Fms. iii. 77, viii. 326; iðr ok innyfli, Stj. 280, Post. 238. II. metaph., freq. in eccl. usage like GREEK; miskunar-iðr, bowels of mercy, N. T.; skaka ok skelfa iðr ok alvöru síns föður, Stj. 132. iðra-kveisa, u, f., iðra-verkr, m., North. E. and Scot. 'belly-work,' a pain in the bowels, 655 xii. 3, Al. 23, Stj. 436.
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Source: Cleasby/Vigfusson, page b0313, entry 22 View original page image as: [TIFF] [PNG] [View previous entry] [View next entry] |
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IÐRA, að, usually dep. iðrask, [Ulf. idreigon = GREEK] :-- to be moved inwardly (from iðr), but only used metaph. like Gr. GREEK, to repent: I. act., impers. with gen. of the thing, to repent of; hvers engan iðrar, 2 Cor. vii. 10: with acc. of the person, nom. of the thing, Guðs gjafir og kallan kunna eigi að iðra hann, Rom. xi. 29. 2. pers., það (sic) iðrar mig ekki, 2 Cor. vii. 8; eigi iðra mik mínar görðir, Mar.: absol., heldr en þik iðri eptir, Sks. 250. II. more often in reflex. form, iðrask e-s, to repent of, rue; opt ætla ek at vér iðrimk þessa, Eg. 732; iðrumk ek þess mjök, Sks. 720, Nj. 78, 79. Eg. 176, Fs. 8, Fms. iv. 369, viii. 54, Barl. 172, 180, N. T., Pass., Vídal. passim. III. part. iðrandi, repentant, Magn. 430, Mar.: as subst., Greg. 39; iðrandans, Hom. 78.
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Source: Cleasby/Vigfusson, page b0316, entry 3 View original page image as: [TIFF] [PNG] [View previous entry] [View next entry] |
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C. METAPH. in various relations: I. denoting action, engagement, condition, often in Engl. to be rendered by a participle; vera í för með e-m, to be in the suite of another, travelling in his company; þar var ok brúðr í för, the bride was also in the party, Ld. 94; Skammkell var í för með Oddkatli, Nj. 81; ef maðr andask í þingför, on the way, Grág. i. 138; hafa kaupskip í siglingu, í förum, to have a ship in trade, voyage, Nj. 3; vera í víkingu, to be engaged in freebooting, Eg. 178; vera í bardaga, to be in the battle, Nj. 97; ef hann hittir hann í verki (working, at his work) úti ..., ef hinn er í verki (at work), Grág. i. 244; vera í smíð tíutigi vetra, to be a hundred years in building, of a house, Ver. 8; vera í gæzlu, to be in custody, Fms. ix. 3; vera í góðu yfirlæti, to be in good quarters, live well, x. 63; vera í boði e-s, to be in a person's invitation, bidden by him, his guest, ix. 497: í trausti, í nafni e-s, to do a thing in one's confidence, in one's name, passim; í minni eigu, in my possession, Ld. 30; eg á það ekki í eigu minni, ala barn í ánauð, Grág. i. 363; vera í skuld, to be in debt, id.; sitja í festum, Nj. 4; í trausti e-s, in his trust, under his protection, Eg. 465; göra e-t í banni, leyfi, orlofi e-s, to do a thing with the ban, leave, consent of one, passim; í nafni Guðs, in God's name, Niðrst. 8, N. T.; sitr Gunnarr nú heima í sæmd sinni, in all his glory, Niðrst. 88; eiga mikit í ábyrgð, to have much at stake, passim; í hljóði, in silence, in hearing, (see hljóð); hafa e-t í hug sér, to have in mind, Ld. 40. 2. denoting state; liggja í úviti, to lie in a swoon, Nj. 91; í sárum, Eg. 34; í helsótt, Grág. i. 201; menn vóru í svefni, asleep, Hrafn. 26, Barl. 66; láta ílla í svefni, Nj. 94; sofa í ró, to sleep in peace, Fms. vii. 317; vera í blíðu, góðu, íllu skapi, to be in a blithe, good, ill humour, Sks. 285; í reiði, in anger, Barl. 86; í hörðum hug, 655 xii. 3; vera í valdi e-s, in one's power, Barl. 86; í kafi, under water. II. denoting capacity, regard to, quality, in; hinir mestu íllvirkjar í ránum, great evil-doers in robbery, Fms. ix. 372; roskinn í orðum, mature in words, 241; léttr í máli, cheerful in speech, Ld. 228; þótti sem engi hestr mundi hafa við þeim í vígi, Nj. 89; hann gafsk bezt í öllum mannraunum, in all trials, Ld. 60; ef þér prettið hann í engu, in naught, Nj. 90; í öllum hlutum, in everything, Barl. 115; í allri atferð sinni, in all their ways, Dropl. 7. 2. by means of, through; opt kaupir sér í litlu lof, Hm. 51; hann sveik tvá sveina í fjölkyngi sinni, 623. 49; hvárt sem þeir göra þat í ráðum eðr í öðrum hlutum, Grág. i. 314; sakir þær er þú hefir gjört á hönd þér í björgum við Þórólf, Ld. 44; fannsk þat á í öllu, at ..., Nj. 90. III. denoting substance, matter, value, in; það er gott efni í e-u, it has good stuff in it; gott silfr í hring, gott manns-efni í e-m, the stuff of a good man is in one; varat (var Ed.) ílls þegns efni vaxit í syni mínum, i.e. my son would have made no bad thane, Stor. 11; hafa góða forystu í e-m, to have a good leader in a person, Skálda 200 (in a verse); at eigi hafi komit meiri gersemi í skikkju (never had come such a jewel of a cloak) til Noregs, Fms. x. 200; fé er í því, there is value in it, vii. 197; Hallr kvað góðan kost í henni, H. said she was a good match, Nj. 180; í þessu var þeim skömm, it was a disgrace to them, Barl. 139; meiri er veiðr í Flosa, en mörgum öðrum, there is more in F. than in many of the rest, Nj. 232; hefnd væri í honum, he would be a fit object for one's revenge, Hrafn. 26; það er gagn, lið í e-u, a thing is of use; ekkert gagn, lið, í e-u, useless; spyrr Þórólfr eptir, hvat verið hefir í erendum þeirra, Th. asked what their errand had been, Eg. 19; hvat er í því, how is that? what is the matter? Nj. 67; þat var mest í því (that was the chief reason) at allir vildu leita þér vegs, 78. 2. mikit í sér, much, good in itself, Fms. ix. 227, Hkr. i. 275; góðr í sér, H. E. i. 517. 3. denoting payment, in; var þat sumt í silfri, sumt í grávöru, some in silver, some in fur, Eg. 375; í löndum eðr í lausum aurum eðr í kirkju-búnaði, K. Þ. K. 40; skal gjalda þat fé í vaðmálum ok varar-feldum, í gulli ok í brendu silfri, 44; í jörðum, in land, Bs. i. 853; lausa-fé í gulli ok silfri, Nj. 257; skal lögaura við bjóða, en ekki í landi, Grág. ii. 245; í hverjum aurum hann vildi fyrir hafa, Nj. 259; inna alla sekt sína, bæði í utanferðum ok fégjöldum, 281. IV. denoting specification; bjúgr í hrygg, bowed in the back, Bárð. 175; fót í ristar-lið, the joint in the foot, Nj. 70; hönd í olbuga-bót, 97; í miðju, in the midst, Eg. 212; spjótið brotnaði í falnum, Nj. 108. 2. circumlocutory for a gen. or possess. pron. with the parts of the body, see p. 37, C. IV; augu, tunga, tennr, hjarta, bein, hryggr, iðr, æðar í e-m, one's eyes, tongue, teeth, heart, bones, back, bowels, veins, cp. the Engl. phrase 'the spirit within me;' hann braut hrygg í henni, he broke her back, Bárð. 170; í sundr gékk í Hrafni handleggrinn, Rafn's arm broke, 169; hann knýtir saman alla halana í nautunum, all the cows' tails, Gísl. 27. V. denoting parts of the whole, ellipt.; sá maðr er hlut á í úmögum, who has a share in the ú., Grág. i. 242; eiga fjórðung í viðreka, Am. 135: ellipt., hlutr or the like being understood, þeir menn er í hvalnum eigu, Grág. ii. 378; svá sem þeir eigu í skipi, i. 186. VI. the prep. can also be put after its case, esp. in poetry, old as well as mod.; Háva höllu í, Hm. 112; svik hans lægi svo hylming í, Pass. 2. 3; víngarði Drottins í, 15. 8; himneskri sælu í, Hallgr. VII. either the noun or pronoun is dropped, and the sentence becomes elliptical; hann þóttisk þar sjá helvítis kvalar í niðri, beneath (in the river), Nj. 275; hann fann stóran ás ok eld í, and fire in it, Ísl. ii. 462; engi ván í (viz. því) at, it was not to be expected that ..., Fms. ix; ef engra ráða er í leitað, if no steps are taken, i. 68; fás þykki mér í leitað, Bs. i. 352; görðusk þá í (there arose) fáleikar af þeirra hendi til Höskuldar, Nj. 169; segja konungi, hvat er þá hefir í görsk, they told the king what had happened, Fms. xi. 26; missa, sakna e-s í, to miss a thing, where 'í' has almost become an adverb in an intensive sense.
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Source: Cleasby/Vigfusson, page b0318, entry 14 View original page image as: [TIFF] [PNG] [View previous entry] [View next entry] |
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ílla, adv., compar. verr, superl. verst (see verr), badly, ill; líka ílla, to like ill, dislike, Hkr. ii. 138; þeir kváðu sér við Örn verst líka, Landn. 287; kurra ílla, to grumble sorely, Fms. vii. 151; heyra, sjá ílla, to bear, see badly, Fb. ii. 171; var hann ílla til frænda sinna, he behaved ill to his kinsmen, Nj. 38; ílla Kristinn, an ill Christian, Fms. vii. 151; ílla ært, a bad year, Nj. 10; það er ílla farið, it is a great pity; ílla heill, in ill health, Hm. 68; ílla ok úmannliga, Fb. i. 280.
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Source: Cleasby/Vigfusson, page b0318, entry 20 View original page image as: [TIFF] [PNG] [View previous entry] [View next entry] |
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The following entry has been hand-corrected once. |
ÍLLR,
adj.,
compar.
verri
(q.v.),
superl.
verstr;
íllr
is
still
often
pronounced
with
a
long
vowel,
esp.
in
the
forms
íllt,
ílls,
as
also
íllr
and
illr,
although
it
is
usually
in
mod.
books
spelt
with
i;
the
long
vowel
is
a
remains
of
the
contraction
which
in
the
Scandin.
languages
has
taken
place
in
this
word:
[Ulf.
ubils;
A.
S.
yfel;
Engl.
ill,
evil;
Hel.
ubil;
O.
H.
G.
ubil;
Germ.
übel;
Dan.
ild;
Swed.
ill-;
in
mod.
Engl.
ill
is
of
Scandin.,
evil
of
Saxon
origin]
:--
ill,
evil,
bad,
in
a
bodily
and
moral
sense:
in
sayings,
íllt
er
at
eiga
þræl
at
einga-vin,
Grett.
154;
íllt
er
at
eggja
óbilgjarnan,
or
íllt
er
at
eggja
íllt
skap
=
GREEK;
erat
maðr
svá
íllr
at
einugi
dugi,
Hm.
134;
fátt
er
svo
fyrir
öllu
íllt,
að
ekki
boði
nokkuð
gott,
=
'tis
an
ill
wind
that
blows
nobody
any
good;
ílla
gefask
íll
ráð,
Nj.
20;
opt
stendr
íllt
af
kvenna
tali,
Gísl.
15;
opt
hlýtr
íllt
af
íllum
(or
íllt
má
af
íllum
hljóta),
Ísl.
ii.
151;
frest
eru
ílls
bezt,
Fms.
v.
294.
2.
ill,
bad,
of
quality,
capacity;
íllr
búþegn,
a
bad
farmer,
Fms.
i.
69;
íllr
hestr,
a
bad
horse,
Þiðr.
191;
íllt
skáld,
a
poetaster.
3.
evil,
wicked;
góða
frá
íllum,
Eluc.
37;
íllr
maðr,
Hm.
(íll-menni);
íll
ráð,
evil
counsel,
9;
til
góðs
ok
ílls,
for
good
or
evil,
Grág.
ii.
144;
sjá
við
íllu,
beware
of
evil,
Sdm.
39;
íllt
eitt,
all
wickedness,
as
a
nickname,
Fms.
ix.
419
(423
sqq.)
4.
bad;
íllum
huga,
an
evil
mind,
spite,
Hbl.
21;
ílls
hugar,
Hým.
9;
íllt
skap,
ill
humour;
vera
í
íllu
skapi,
to
be
in
an
ill
mood;
það
er
íllt
í
mér,
to
be
angry;
mæla
íllt,
to
use
foul
language,
Bjarn.
32;
íll
orð,
evil
words,
Skm.
2;
varð
honum
íllt
til
liðs,
Fms.
i.
22;
íll
öld,
evil
times,
vi.
96;
íllt
veðr,
ill
weather,
v.
295;
íllar
álögur,
evil,
oppressive
burdens,
vii.
75,
v.l.;
íll
heilsa,
ill
health;
íllt,
unwholesome;
er
þat
íllt
manni,
Eg.
604;
medic.,
e-m
er
íllt
(mér
er
íllt),
to
be
ill;
íllt
er
('tis
a
pity)
at
eiga
dáðlausa
sonu,
Ld.
236;
honum
þótti
íllt
(he
was
sorry)
at
heyra
læti
þeirra,
Fms.
iv.
368:
denoting
harm,
hurt,
grunaði
at
mikit
íllt
mundi
af
þér
hljótask,
Ísl.
ii.
151;
verðr
hann
þeim
stórhöggr,
ok
fá
þeir
íllt
af
honum,
Fms.
xi.
135.
5.
with
gen.
ill,
difficult;
íllr
viðr-eignar,
ill
to
deal
with,
Nj.
18,
Eg.
147;
íllir
heimsóknar,
Fms.
vii.
299;
flestir
verða
íllir
aptrhvarfs,
315:
with
dat.
ill
to
one,
íllr
e-m,
(cp.
Scot.
'ill
to
his
friend,
waur
to
his
foe'),
655
A.
4.
6.
close,
stingy,
cp.
góðr
(II.
);
íllr
af
aurum,
Jd.
35;
íllir
af
mat,
Hkr.
i.
140;
hinn
matar-ílli,
a
nickname,
Hkr.
COMPDS:
íll-brigði,
n.
pl.
a
bad
trick,
Hkr.
ii.
287,
Grett.
111
A.
íll-býli,
n.
a
wretched
home;
göra
e-m
í.,
Ísl.
ii.
141.
íll-deildir,
f.
pl.
and
íll-deilur,
ill-dealings,
hostilities,
quarrels,
Ld.
158,
Fms.
vii.
144,
Nj.
77,
Vígl.
29.
íll-dýri,
n.
an
ill
beast,
noxious
animal,
Ísl.
ii.
300.
íll-felli,
n.
mishap,
Barl.
115.
íll-fengr,
adj.
ill-natured,
Fms.
iii.
143,
Grett.
144.
íll-ferli,
n.
pl.
ill
doings,
evil
ways,
Bs.
i.
279.
íll-fúss,
adj.
ill-willed,
Ld.
258.
íll-fygli,
n.
an
ill
bird,
noxious
bird,
Pr.
186.
íll-fýstr,
part.
bent
on
evil,
Nj.
72.
íll-gengr,
adj.
rough,
of
a
horse,
opp.
to
góðgengr.
íll-geta,
u,
f.
'ill-guess,'
imputation.
íll-girnd
and
íll-girni,
f.
ill-will,
ill-nature,
wickedness,
Fms.
vii.
37,
Rd.
236,
Grág.
i.
131,
Bs.
i.
45.
íll-gjarn,
adj.
ill-willed,
ill-natured,
wicked,
Nj.
38,
Hom.
19,
Bs.
i.
40:
superl.,
Fms.
ii.
46,
x.
327.
íll-gjarnligr,
adj.
ill-natured,
spiteful,
Hom.
19,
53,
Sks.
445.
íll-gresi,
n.
'evil-grass,'
tares,
Magn.
502,
Sks.
549,
Barl.
34,
N.
T.,
Vídal.
passim.
íll-grunaðr,
part.
suspected
of
evil,
Mar.;
vera
íllgrunaðr
um
e-t,
Bs.
i.
264.
íll-gæfa,
u,
f.
ill-luck,
Barl.
55.
íll-gæti,
n.
ill
fare,
Barl.
55.
íll-görð,
f.,
esp.
in
pl.
ill
doings,
Fms.
vi.
291,
Sks.
583,
Stj.
íllgörða-flokkr,
m.
a
gang
of
rogues,
Fms.
viii.
232.
íllgörða-maðr,
m.
an
evil-doer,
of
thieves,
robbers,
Eb.
300,
Fms.
i.
43,
N.
T.,
Vídal.
íllgörða-samr,
adj.
(-semi,
f.),
evil-doing,
Fms.
xi.
90.
íll-hreysingr,
m.
(see
hreysi),
a
savage,
miscreant,
Sturl.
i.
14,
iii.
26.
íll-hveli,
n.
an
evil
whale,
Fas.
iii.
507.
íll-kvikendi,
íll-kykvendi,
n.
an
evil
beast,
e.g.
a
snake,
toad,
etc.,
655
xii.
2,
A.
A.
284.
íll-kvittinn,
adj.
slanderous.
íll-kvittni,
f.
calumny.
íll-kyndugr,
adj.
lewd,
Bs.
i.
256.
íll-kyngi,
f.
lewdness,
Mag.
129.
íll-leikni,
f.
ill-treatment,
Fms.
ii.
185,
viii.
41.
íll-lifnaðr,
m.
an
evil
life,
lewdness,
Stj.
386.
ílllifnaðar-maðr,
m.
a
man
of
an
ill
life,
Fb.
i.
233.
íll-lífl,
n.
a
wicked
life,
Barl.
138,
Fms.
viii.
54.
íll-lífr,
adj.
wicked,
Þiðr.
69.
íll-lyndi,
n.
an
ill
temper.
íll-lyndr,
adj.
ill-tempered.
íll-læti,
n.
pl.
hideous
grimaces,
Konr.
íll-mannliga,
adv.
wickedly,
cruelly;
ílla
ok
í.,
Fms.
v.
265;
í.
ok
grimmliga,
Ld.
246,
Mar.
íll-mannligr,
adj.
ill-looking,
rogue-like,
cruel,
wicked,
Fas.
ii.
84,
Fms.
iii.
116:
neut.,
Mar.:
compar.,
Fas.
ii.
534:
superl.,
Nj.
78.
íll-máligr,
adj.
foul-mouthed,
slanderous,
Finnb.
280,
Háv.
38,
Str.
15.
íll-menni,
n.
a
knave
(of
thieves
and
robbers),
a
wicked,
cruel
man,
Fms.
ii.
4,
vi.
60,
Symb.
59,
Nj.
32.
íll-mennska,
u,
f.
wickedness,
cruelly,
Háv.
44.
íll-mæla,
t,
with
acc.,
in
mod.
usage
with
dat.,
to
libel,
slander,
talk
evil
of,
Str.
15,
Hkr.
iii.
262;
vera
íllmæltr
af
e-u,
to
have
evil
reputation
from,
Bs.
i.
759.
íll-mælgi,
f.
slander,
calumny,
623.
30.
íll-mæli,
n.
a
libel,
Nj.
183,
Lv.
53,
Boll.
350,
Dropl.
11,
Krók.
7.
íll-orðr,
adj.
'ill-worded,'
abusive,
Fms.
iii.
143,
Nj.
66.
íll-ráðigr,
adj.
giving
wicked
counsel,
Fms.
x.
380.
íll-ráðr,
adj.
wicked,
Sturl.
iii.
281:
a
nickname,
Fb.
iii.
íll-ræða,
u,
f.
bad
language,
Sks.
25.
íll-ræði,
n.
evil
doings,
crime,
Fms.
x.
390,
Róm.
256.
íllræðis-maðr,
m.
an
evil-doer,
criminal,
Sturl.
i.
137,
Fms.
iii.
155,
Fs.
20.
íll-ræmdr,
part.
of
evil
report.
íll-sakar,
f.
pl.,
in
the
phrase,
troða
íllsakar
við
e-n,
to
have
a
rough
fight
with
one,
Nj.
219.
íll-skái,
a,
m.
the
less
of
two
evils;
hvárt
þykkir
þér
betr?
...
þat
þykki
mér
íllskáinn
at
þú
hafir,
Band.
21
new
Ed.
íll-skárri,
compar.,
íll-skárst,
superl.
the
less
of
two
evils;
það
er
íllskátra,
íllskást.
íll-skeptr,
part.
'ill-shapen,'
i.e.
ill-natured,
Stj.
43:
wroth,
Th.
76.
íll-skælda,
u,
f.
a
poetaster,
Eg.,
Hkr.;
a
nickname
given
to
a
poet
for
having
stolen
the
burden
of
another
poem,
see
Fms.
iii.
65.
íll-spár,
f.
pl.
evil
prophecy,
croakings,
Glúm.
354,
Fas.
i.
372,
Bret.
38.
íll-svipligr,
adj.
ill-looking,
Fb.
i.
260.
íll-tíðindi,
n.
pl.
evil
tidings,
bad
news,
Sturl.
iii.
210.
íll-tyngdir,
f.
pl.
[tunga],
'evil
tongues,'
slander,
Grág.
i.
361.
Íll-ugi,
i.e.
Íllhugi,
a
pr.
name,
cp.
hugr
(II).
íll-úð,
f.
ill-nature,
Vkv.
19,
22.
íll-úðigr,
adj.
evil-boding,
Am.
13,
Hkm.
15,
Fas.
i.
192.
íll-úðligr,
adj.
ill-looking,
grim,
Bárð.
167.
íll-verk,
n.
an
evil
deed,
Háv.
38.
íll-viðri,
n.
bad
weather,
Fms.
i.
275,
ix.
233,
Rb.
102,
Str.
88,
Sks.
211.
íllviðris-klakkar,
m.
foul-weatber
clouds,
Sks.
234.
íllviðris-kráka,
u,
f.
an
evil
crow.
íll-vili,
a,
m.
ill-will,
Fms.
i.
71,
vii.
312,
xi.
250,
Orkn.
264.
íll-vilja,
adj.
=
íllviljaðr,
Fagrsk.
ch.
272.
íllvilja-fullr,
adj.
ill-willed,
Bs.
i.
45.
íllvilja-maðr,
m.
an
ill-wisher,
Sturl.
iii.
227.
íll-viljaðr,
part.
ill-willed,
Fms.
ix.
335,
Sks.
160,
Barl.
38.
íll-virki,
n.
a
cruel,
evil
doing,
crime,
Háv.
38:
as
a
law
term,
an
outrage,
done
with
an
evil
intention,
defined
in
Grág.
i.
130,
131:
robbery,
ravage,
Fms.
vii.
18,
xi.
57.
íll-virki,
a,
m.
an
ill-doer,
criminal
(thief,
robber),
Grág.
i.
130,
Greg.
40,
Fas.
i.
56
(Ed.
íllvirkr),
Fms.
xi.
445,
Al.
108.
íll-viti,
a,
m.
evil-boder,
a
nickname,
Bjarn.:
name
of
certain
crags,
among
which
sounds
are
heard
when
a
storm
is
coming.
íll-vært,
n.
adj.
what
is
not
to
be
stood;
þá
kom
regn
svá
mikit,
at
í.
var
úti,
a
pelting
rain,
so
that
one
could
hardly
stay
out-of-doors,
Bs.
i.
172.
íll-yrða,
t,
to
abuse,
speak
evil
to,
Fas.
ii.
229,
Finnb.
228,
Stj.
529.
íll-yrði,
n.
pl.
foul
language,
libel,
Nj.
64,
Boll.
360,
Karl.
509.
íll-yrmi,
n.
[ormr],
vermin,
Fms.
x.
380.
íllyrmis-legr,
adj.
(-lega,
adv.),
like
vermin.
íll-ýðgi,
f.
=
íllúð,
Hom.
(St.)
íll-þolandi,
part.
intolerable.
íll-þræli,
n.
a
wretched
thrall,
Am.
59.
íll-þýði,
n.
[þjóð],
a
rabble,
gang
of
thieves
and
robbers,
Fms.
vii.
8,
16,
Bs.
i.
142,
Hkr.
iii.
208,
Fb.
ii.
349.
íllþýðis-fólk,
n.
=
íllþýði,
Hkr.
i.
36,
Fms.
vi.
162,
ix.
384,
v.l.
illþýðis-maðr,
m.
a
thief
and
robber,
Fms.
viii.
73,
v.l.
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JAFN, adj., also spelt jamn, f. jöfn, neut. jafnt, often spelt as well as proncd. jamt; compar. jafnari, superl. jafnastr: [Ulf. ibns, Luke vi. 17; A. S. efen; Engl. and Dutch even; old Fr. ivin; O. H. G. eban; mod. Germ. eben; Dan. jevn; Swed. jemn; akin to Lat. aequus by interchange of palatal and labial, see Grimm's Dict. s.v. eben] :-- even, equal, but, like Lat. aequus, mostly in a metaph. sense, for sléttr (q.v.) answers to Lat. planus; often followed by a dat., jafn e-u, equal to a thing, in comparison: I. equal, equal to; jöfn eyri (dat.) gulls, K. Þ. K. 72; jafn Guði, equal to God; jafn mér, passim. 2. equal, the same; enda er jöfn helgi hans meðan hann ferr svá með sér, Grág. i. 93; ella er jöfn sök við hann fram á leið, 322; at ek verða jafn drengr í hvert sinn, Sd. 188; þínar verða flestar jafnastar, thy acts are mostly the same, i.e. all bad, Fms. viii. 409. 3. fixed, unchanged; með jafnri leigu, jöfnum kaupum, jöfnum skildaga, Rétt. 2. 7, Stat. 264, Fb. ii. 137; hann var ellefu vetra eðr tíu, ok sterkr at jöfnum aldri, and strong for his age, Eg. 188, 592; eiga þeir jöfnum höndum (see hönd) allt þat er þeir taka, Grág. ii. 66. 4. even, even-tempered; jafn ok úmíslyndr, Mar.: of numbers, jöfn tala, even in tale, equal, opp. to odda-tala, Alg. 356. II. neut. jafnt or jamt, almost adverbially, equally, just; jafnt utan sem innan, Grág. i. 392: as, just as, ok hafa eitt atferli báðar jamt, both together, both alike, Fms. xi. 137; jafnt er sem þér sýnisk ('tis as it appears, indeed), af er fótrinn, Nj. 97; jafnt þrælar sem frjálsir menn, Fms. i. 113: jamt sem, just as, equally as; jafnt sem í fjórðungs-dómi, jamt skal eiga féránsdóm eptir fjörbaugs-mann sem eptir skógar-mann, Grág. i. 87; skal hann láta virða fé þat jamt sem úmaga-eyri, 189; menn skulu svá sakir hluta, jamt sem á alþingi, 122; jafnt hefir komit er þú spáðir, it has happened just as thou didst foretel, Niðrst. 8: ellipt., ok skal hann þá jamt (sem þeir) allri bót upp halda, Grág. ii. 182. 2. temp. at the same time, just; ek skíri þik, ok nefna barn, í nafni Föður, ok drepa barninu í vatn um sinn jafnt fram fyrir sik, and dip the bairn each time info the water, K. Þ. K. 10: just, precisely, in the very moment, þat var jamt Jóla-aptan sjálfan er þeir börðusk, Fms. xi. 15; jamt í því hann stakaði. 133. 3. adverb., at jöfnu, equally, in equal shares, Fms. xi. 131. 4. til jafns, vóru þeir engir at né eina íþrótt hefði til jafns við hann, Nj. 46; halda til jafns við e-n, Ld. 40; komask til jafns við e-n, Fb. i. 261.
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in equal share, taka aff j., Gþl. 248; at the same time, also, hugsa þat j., at the same time consider, Stj. 156; jafnfram sem, jafnfram ok, as soon as, Karl. 158, Pr. 413. jafn-framarla, -framar, -liga, adv. as forward, as far, just as well, Ld. 254, Bs. i. 778. jafn-frammi, adv. = jafnframt, Sks. 364, Sturl. i. 32: temp., Fms. iii. 218. jafn-framt, adv. = jafnfram, Háv. 42: temp., Sturl. i. 1: along with, with dat., Pass. viii. 9: equally, in the same degree, Ld. 62. jafn-fríðr, adj. as fair, Fms. i. 8: as valuable, K. Þ. K. 172. jafn-frjáls, adj. equally free, Fas. iii. 8. jafn-frjálsliga, adv. (-ligr, adj.), as freely, as liberally, Hkr. i. 78. jafn-fróðr, adj. as wise, as knowing, Sks. 544. jafn-frægr, adj. as famous, Fas. i. 277. jafn-frækn, adj. equally gallant, Edda. jafn-fullr, adj. as full, Grág. i. 20, 68, Gþl. 477. jafn-fúinn, adj. equally rotten, jafn-fúss, adj. equally willing, Sturl. i. 190. jafn-færr, adj. as able, Nj. 97. jafn-fætis, adv. on equal footing; standa j. e-m, Sturl. ii. 134, Hkr. ii. 153. jafn-gamall, adj. of the same age, Ld. 108, Fms. i. 60, xi. 96. jafn-geði, n. evenness of temper, Sks. 435. jafn-gefinn, part. equally given to, Fas. i. 268. jafn-gegnt, adv. just opposite to, Sks. 63, Fms. ix. 463; see gegnt. jafn-girnd, f. and jafn-girni, f. fairness, equity, Sks. 273, 639, Hom. 17. jafn-gjarn, adj. as eager, Hom. 19: as equitable, Sks. 355, Hom. 135, Karl. 495. jafn-gjarna (-gjarnliga), adv. as willingly, as readily, Fms. iii. 45 (v.l.), ix. 508, Stj. jafn-glaðr, adj. as glad, as cheerful, Eb. 88: neut., mér er ekki jafnglatt sem áðr, Fas. i. 106. jafn-glöggt, n. adj. as clearly, Bs. i. 352. jafn-góðr, adj. equally good, as good, Nj. 18, Eg. 54, Gþl. 233, N. G. L. i. 347, Dipl. v. 16: unhurt, none the worse, see (II) above. jafn-góðviljaðr, adj. with equally good will, Stj. 629. jafn-grannr, adj. equally thin. jafn-grimmliga, adv. (-ligr, adj.), as fiercely, Th. jafn-grimmr, adj. as fierce, Sks. 79. jafn-grunnr, adj. as shallow. jafn-gæfr, adj. as meek, Rb. 397. jafn-göfigr, adj. as good, as famous, Sturl. iii. 11, Bs. i. 133. jafn-görla, adv. as clearly, Grág. i. 299, Fms. ii. 171, Fas. i. 271. jafn-hafðr, part. equally used, N. G. L. i. 249. jafn-hagliga, adv. as skilfully, Krók. 53. jafn-hagr, adj. as skilful in handiwork, Nj. 147. jafn-harðr, adj. as hard, as severe, Nj. 79: neut. jafn-hart, as fast, Fas. iii. 488: jafn-harðan, adv. instantly. jafn-harðsnúinn, part. as hard-twisted, as tight, Nj. 79. jafn-hár, adj. as high, as tall, as loud, Rb. 112, 474, Fas. ii. 79: of metre, see hár (I. 3), Fms. vi. 386, Skálda 182, 190: neut., Stj. 79. jafnhátta-góðr, adj. as well-mannered, Ld. 174. jafn-heilagr, adj. as holy, as inviolable, Sks. 674, Grág. i. 90. jafn-heill, adj. as hale, as whole, Eg. 425, v.l. jafn-heimoll, adj. equally open to use, Eg. 47, Ld. 70, Gþl. 214, 353: equally bound, 57. jafn-heimskr, adj. equally stupid, Fms. ii. 156, Sd. 178. jafn-heitr, adj. as hot, Sks. 540. jafn-hentr, adj. as well fitted, Sturl. i. 196. jafn-hlær, adj. equally snug, Rb. 440. jafn-hollr, adj. equally sincere, Orkn. 166. jafn-hógværliga, adv. (-ligr, adj.), as meekly, Krók. 36. jafn-hógværr, adj. as gentle. jafn-hraustr, adj. as valiant, Fms. ii. 356, Krók. 51. jafn-hryggr, adj. as distressed, Hkr. iii. 269. jafn-hugaðr, adj. even-tempered, Sks. 24: of one mind, 300: as daring. jafn-hvass, adj. as sharp, Ld. 306: blowing as hard. jafn-hvatr, adj. as bold, as quick, Sturl. i. 112, v.l. jafn-hvítr, adj. equally white. jafn-hæðiligr, adj. (-liga, adv.), as ridiculous, Fas. iii. 91. jafn-hægr, adj. equally easy, ready, meek, Fms. ii. 106, Fær. 69, Grág. i. 264, ii. 257. jafn-hættr, adj. as dangerous, Sks. 540. jafn-höfigr, adj. as heavy, Rb. 102, Edda 38. jafn-ílla, adv. as badly, Fms. viii. 140 (v.l.), Ísl. ii. 181. jafn-ílliligr, adj. (-liga, adv.) as ill-looking, Fas. ii. 207. jafn-íllr, adj. equally bad, Grág. ii. 145, Fas. ii. 513. jafn-kaldr, adj. as cold, Sks. 215. jafn-keypi, n. an equal bargain, Fs. 25. jafn-kominn, part. on even terms, Sks. 455: neut. an even match, jafnkomit er á með ykkr, ye are well-matched, Nj. 59; hann kvað jafnkomit með þeim fyrir aldrs sakir, Fms. iii. 76; jafnkomnir til erfðar, with equal title to, Grág. i. 304; jafnkomnir til fyrir ættar sakir, Fms. i. 220; jafnkomnir at frændsemi, Ísl. ii. 315. jafn-kosta, adj. well-matched, good enough, of wedlock, Stj. 204. jafn-kostgæfinn, adj. equally painstaking, Bs. i. 681. jafn-krappr, adj. as straight, narrow; í jafnkrappan stað, in such a strait, Ld. 168. jafn-kringr, adj. equally dexterous, Sks. 381. jafn-kristinn, adj. a fellow Christian, Jb. 92, Barl. 44. jafn-kunnigr, adj. as well known, Grett. 162 A: knowing as well. jafn-kunnr, adj. as well known, Hom. 90. jafn-kurteis, adj. as courteous, Sturl. i. 165. jafn-kyrr, adj. as quiet. jafn-kýta, t, with dat. = jafnyrða. jafn-kænn, adj. as 'cunning,' as well versed, Stj. 561. jafn-kærr, adj. as dear, as beloved, Fms. i. 215, xi. 319. jafn-langr, adj. as long, equally long, Fms. xi. 376, Gþl. 350, 355, Ísl. ii. 219, Grág. i. 406, Edda 138 (of the same length): neut., en ef þær segja jafnlangt, if they say both the same, Grág. i. 7. jafn-lágr, adj. equally low. jafn-leiðr, adj. equally loathed, Fms. viii. 240. jafn-leiki, n. = jafnleikit. jafn-leikit, n. part. an equal game, Fms. xi. 131. jafn-lendi, n. a level, even piece of ground, Eg. 584. jafn-lengd, f. 'even-length,' the return to the same time in the next day, week, month, year, etc.: of a day, til jafnlengdar annars dags, Grág. ii. 16, Stj. 49; þann sama dag tók Gormr konungr sótt, ok andaðisk annan dag at jafnlengdinni, Fms. i. 119, Fas. ii. 30, 37: of a year, anniversary, skal eigi brullaup vera fyrr en at jafnlengd, Grág. i. 311; tíu aurar sé leigðir eyri til jafnlengdar (a year's rent), 390; at jafnlengd it síðasta, 487; eigi síðarr en fyrir jafnlengd, Fms. xi. 397; halda hátíð at jafnlengdum, Greg. 13, Hom. 98; jafnlengdar-dagr, 129, Fms. v. 214, Dipl. v. 8; jafnlengdar hátíð, an anniversary, Greg. 13. jafn-lengi, adv. as long, Grág. i. 423, Fms. iii. 9, MS. 732. 7. jafn-léttmæltr, adj. equally easy, just as pleasant in one's speech, Fms. vii. 227. jafn-léttr, adj. as light, as easy, Sturl. iii. 90: neut. (adverb.), Kjartani var ekki annat jafn-létthjalat, K. liked not to speak of anything so much, Ld. 214. jafn-léttvígr, adj. as ready in wielding arms, Sturl. iii. 90. jafn-liða, adj. with an equal number of men, Eb. 144. jafn-liga, adv. equally, fairly; sýnisk mér eigi j. á komit, Bs. i. 531, Vm. 169; skipta j., Fb. ii. 300: perpetually, all along, always, usually, Fms. i. 191, x. 88, 89, Dipl. v. 8, Rb. 348, 472, Stj. 77. jafn-ligr, adj. equal, fair, Hkr. ii. 149, Háv. 57, Eg. 488; er þat miklu jafnligra, a more equal match, Fms. vii. 115. jafn-líkligr, adj. as likely, Sturl. iii. 7, Lv. 77. jafn-líkr, adj. as like, Lv. 58, Fas. ii. 478: equal, alike, j. sem hornspónar efni, Bs. i. 59. jafn-lítill, adj. as little, Fas. iii. 487. jafn-ljóss, adj. as bright, Bret. 62. jafn-ljótr, adj. as ugly, Fms. iv. 175. jafn-ljúfr, adj. as willing. jafn-lygn, adj. as 'loun,' as calm, of the wind. jafn-lyndi, n. evenness of temper, Stj., Fagrsk. 132, Bs. i. 141, Mar. passim. jafn-lyndr, adj. even-tempered, Fms. vi. 287, viii. 447 (v.l.) jafn-lýðskyldr, adj. equally bound, as liegemen, Sks. 270. jafn-lærðr, adj. as learned. jafn-magr, adj. equally meagre. jafn-maki, a, m. an equal, a match, Sks. 22, 255. jafn-mannvænn, adj. equally promising, Þorf. Karl. 382. jafn-margr, adj. as many, Nj. 104, Grág. ii. 210, 403, Fms. i. 152, ii. 34. jafn-máttugr, adj. as mighty, Fms. ii. 157, Eluc. 6. jafn-máttuligr, adj. equally possible, 655 xxii. B. jafn-menni, n. an equal, a match, Ld. 132, Ísl. ii. 358, Fms. vi. 345, vii. 103. jafn-menntr, adj. of equal rank, Hrafn. 10. jafn-merkiligr, adj. equally dignified, Bs. i. 148. jafn-mikill, adj. as great, Grág. ii. 264, 403, Fms. i. 1, Gþl. 363: equally big, tall, Fms. x. 202, Nj. 11: neut. as much, Fms. vii. 240, Skálda 168. jafn-mildr, adj. as mild, as gracious, Rb. 366. jafn-minnigr, adj. having as good a memory, Bs. i. 681. jafn-mjúkliga, adv. as meekly, as gently, Lv. 50. jafn-mjúkr, adj. equally soft. jafn-mjök, adv. as much, as strongly, Grág. ii. 140, Skálda 168. jafn-myrkr, adj. equally dark, Skálda 209. jafn-mæli, n. fair play, equality, Fb. i. 407, Fms. vi. 206, Grág. i. 88, 200, Ld. 258, H. E. i. 247, Karl. 99. jafn-naumr, adj. as close. jafn-náinn, adj.; j. at frændsemi, equally near akin, Grág. i. 171, ii. 67, Eb. 124, Ísl. ii. 315, (jafnan, Ed.) jafn-nær, mod. jafn-nærri, adv. equally near: loc., er Ólafs mark j. báðum, Fms. vii. 64, 268, Sks. 63, 216: as near, at honum væri úvarligt at láta jafnmarga heiðna menn vera j. sér, Fms. ii. 34: equally near (by birth), i. 123: metaph., eigi hefir honum jafnnærri gengit újafnaðr þeirra sem mér, Sturl. iii. 238: also jafn-nær, adj. equally nigh, not a whit the better, see (II) above. jafn-nætti, n. the equinox, 673. 54, Stj. 15. jafn-oki, a, m. = jafnmaki, an equal, a match for one, Sks. 22: a play-fellow, Stj. 497, Þiðr. 213. jafn-opt, adv. as often, Nj. 211, Rb. 566, Grág. i. 186. jafn-ótt, adj., neut. as adv., at the same, time, immediately. Pass. 20. 2: one after another, taka e-ð jafnótt og það kemr. jafn-rakkr, adj. as strong, as straight, Ld. 168. jafn-ramr, adj. as mighty, as great a wizard, Vþm. 2. jafn-rangr; adj. as wrong. jafn-ráðinn, part. equally determined, Grett. 149. jafn-reiðr, adj. equally angry, Háv. 52. jafn-rétti, n. an equal right. jafnréttis-maðr, m. a man with equal right, N. G. L. i. 31. jafn-réttr, adj. as right, as lawful, Edda 93, Grág. i. 18: of equal authority, Hkr. iii. 79. jafn-réttvíss, adj. equally just, Sks. 670. jafn-rífligr, adj. (-liga, adv.), as large, Lv. 75. jafn-ríkr, adj. as rich, equally mighty. jafn-rjóðr, adj. as ruddy, Hkr. i. 102. jafn-rúmr, adj. equally large, Bjarn. jafn-ræði, n. an equal match, Fms. ii. 22, Glúm. 350, Nj. 49, Gþl. 215. jafn-röskr, adj. as brisk, as quick, Fms. iii. 225, vi. 96. jafn-saman, adv.; fyrir þessa hugsan alla jafnsaman, all at once, all together, Fms. i. 185, Ld. 326, Ó. H. 46, Stj. 86, 121, Barl. 191. jafn-sannr, adj. equally true, 671. 1, Edda 19, Stj. 471. jafn-sárr, adj. as sore, as smarting, Mar. jafn-seinn, adj. as slow. jafn-sekr, adj. just as guilty, Grág. ii. 64, 89. jafn-síðis, adv. along with. jafn-síðr, adj. as long, of a garment (síðr), Stj. 563. jafn-sjúkr, adj. as sick, Fms. v. 324. jafn-skammr, adj. as short, Al. 129. jafn-skarpliga, adv. (-ligr, adj.), as briskly, Nj. 199, v.l. jafn-skarpr, adj. as sharp, as keen. jafn-skipti, n. equal, fair dealing. jafn-skiptiliga, adv. (-ligr, adj.), equally, mutually, Stj. 159. jafn-skiptr, part. equally shared. jafn-skjótr, adj. as swift, Fms. vii. 169, Rb. 454 :-- jafn-skjótt, neut. as adv. immediately, at once, Eg. 87, 291, 492, Fms. ii. 10; jafnskjótt sem, as soon as, Nj. 5, Barl. 176, Karl. 409, 441. jafn-skygn, adj. as clear-sighted, 655 xiii. A, Bjarn. 59. jafn-skyldliga, adv. (-ligr, adj.), as dutifully, Ver. 3. jafn-skyldr, adj. equally bound or obliged, Grág. ii. 362, 403, Gþl. 70, 477, Fms. vii. 274. jafn-sköruliga, adv. (-ligr, adj.), equally bold, Nj. 199. jafn-slétta, u, f. even, level ground. jafn-sléttr, adj. equally level, Stj. 79: as easily, Fas. ii. 48.
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