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Source: Torp, page b0105, entry 7 View original page image as: [TIFF] [PNG] [View previous entry] [View next entry]

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(hrô) rühmen. Vgl. harmian. Ig. Wz. ker, ker. Vgl. skr. carkarti erwähnt rühmend, kîrtí f. Erwähnung, Kunde, Ruhm. - gr. [kh'ruc]

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       •hrôþi (PGmc) is a child entry of hrô in Torp's hierarchy.

Source: Torp, page b0115, entry 11 View original page image as: [TIFF] [PNG] [View previous entry] [View next entry]

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hvamma (aus hvan-ma) m. Winkel. an. hvammr m. Winkel, kleines winkelförmiges Tal; ags. hvamm m. Ecke, Vorsprung. Ig. Wz. kuen. Vgl. lat. cuneus Keil. - kleinruss. kin Ecke. (hver) wölben ? Germanisch in hvera, hvernô. Ig. Wz. qer (neben ker in gr. [korwno's] lat. curvus u. s. w.).

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       •hvera (PGmc) is a child entry of hvamma in Torp's hierarchy.
       •hvernô (PGmc) is a child entry of hvamma in Torp's hierarchy.

Source: Torp, page b0116, entry 3 View original page image as: [TIFF] [PNG] [View previous entry] [View next entry]

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hvernô, hvarnô f. Schale. isl. hvern, hvörn (norw. mundartl. kvann) f. die zwei bootförmigen Knochen im Fischgehirn, an. hverna f. Kochgeschirr; verwandt ist g. hvaírnei f. Hirnschädel. Vgl. asl. rn Bratpfanne. - skr. karaka Schädel. Aus der ig. Wz. ker gr. [ke'rnos] Opferschale.

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       •hvamma (PGmc) is the parent entry of hvernô in Torp's hierarchy.

Cultural category
       • Semantic category: Technology

Source: Torp, page b0128, entry 2 View original page image as: [TIFF] [PNG] [View previous entry] [View next entry]

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gera, geraga, gerîga begierig, geran begehren. an. Geri der Name des einen von den Wölfen Odins; ahd. ger, ker, mhd. ger verlangend, begehrend; as. gerôn, afries. geria, ieria; ahd. gerôn, gerên, mhd. geren, gern begehren; as. gerag; ahd. girîg, kirîg, mhd. girig, nhd. gierig.

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       •ger (PGmc) is the parent entry of gera in Torp's hierarchy.

Source: Torp, page b0455, entry 6 View original page image as: [TIFF] [PNG] [View previous entry] [View next entry]

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skurta kurz. ags. scort kurz (engl. short); ahd. scurz dass., mhd. schürzen abkürzen. Davon abgeleitet an. skyrta f. Hemd (aus skurtiôn); ags. scyrte f. Hemd, Schurz (engl. shirt Hemd; skirt Schurz, Rockschoß stammt aus dem Nord.), mnd. schorte Schurz, Schürze. Vgl. mhd. schurz m. Kleid, das nur einen Teil des unteren Leibes deckt, nhd. Schurz, Schürze. (Gleichbedeutend germ. kurta: and. afries. kurt, ahd. kurz, isl. kortr (an. kyrtill = ags. cyrtel tunica). Dies wird gewöhnlich als lateinisches Lehnwort angesehen; an. krtr m. und karta f. abgestumpftes Horn, kerta abschneiden, vermindern sind wohl mit kart- verwandt, s. ker 1).

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       •skert (PGmc) is the parent entry of skurta in Torp's hierarchy.
       •skurtên (PGmc) is a child entry of skurta in Torp's hierarchy.

Source: Torp, page b0472, entry 6 View original page image as: [TIFF] [PNG] [View previous entry] [View next entry]

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(skreþ) = skrenþ. In germ. skratta, und in norw. mundartl. skreda Schwächling (vielleicht auch isl. skræur f. pl. Talggrieben); mnd. schrade dünn, mager, kümmerlich (norw. krea, gleichbedeutend mit skreda, isl. kreda, wohl etymologisch verschieden, urverwandt mit kart- (s. ker 1), vgl. ostfries. krete Runzel, kleine Pflaume, kret verschrumpftes Obst).

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       •skratta (PGmc) is a child entry of skreþ in Torp's hierarchy.

Source: Bosworth/Toller, page b0113, entry 12 View original page image as: [TIFF] [PNG] [View previous entry] [View next entry]

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bóc; g. bóce? béc; d. béc; acc. bóc; pl. nom. acc. béc; g. bóca; d. bócum, bócan; f. I. a BOOK; liber :-- Seó bóc is on Englisc awend the book is turned into English, Homl. Th. ii. 358, 30. On fórewerd ðære bóce [MS. bóc] oððe on heáfde bc awriten is be me in capite libri scriptum est de me, Ps. Lamb. 39, 9. On fórewardre ðyssere béc ys awriten be me, ðæt ic sceolde ðínne willan wyrcan, Ps. Th. 39, 8; in the hed of the boc it is write of me, that I do thi wil, Wyc. Ic wrát bóc I wrote a book, Bd. 5, 23; S. 648, note 37. Adilga me of ðínre béc dele me de libro tuo, Ex. 32, 32, 33. Swá he ða bóc unfeóld so he unfolded the book, Lk. Bos. 4, 17, 20: Deut. 31, 26. Ða béc befón to contain the books; capere libros, Jn. Bos. 21, 25. On ðæra cininga bócum in the kings' books, Ælfc. T. Lisle 21, 1: 23, 19: 40, 4. On ðære béc in this book, 24, 25. Bóca bedled deprived of books, 2, 3. On fíf béc in five books, Bd. 5, 23; S. 648, 31. Ðis is seó bóc Adames mgrace hic est liber generationis Adam, Gen. 5, 1: Mt. Bos. 5, 31. Feówer Cristes béc four books of Christ, the four gospels, Ælfc. T. Lisle 24, 22. Bóca streón a treasury of books, a library, Bd. 5, 21; Whelc. 451, 30, MS. C. II. a charter; charta = &alpha-tonos;s, m :-- Ðis is seó bóc, ðe Æðelstán cing gebócode Friþestáne bisceope this is the charter, which king Æthelstan chartered to bishop Frithestane, Th. Diplm. A. D. 938; 187, 18. Heó cýðáþ on ðisse béc they declare by this charter, Th. Diplm. A. D. 886-899; 137, 12. Ic him sealde ðæt lond on éce erfe, and ða béc I gave him the land in perpetual heritage, and the charters, Th. Diplm. A. D. 872-915; 168, 10. 2. for the books which a priest ought to possess, v. mæsse-preóst, 2; for his canonical hours, v. 3. [Chauc. booke: Laym. boc, bac, f: Orm. boc: Plat. book, n: O. Sax. bók, n. f: Frs. bok, f; boek, n: O. Frs. bok, f. n: Dut. boek, n: Ger. buch, n: M. H. Ger. buoch, n: O. H. Ger. bóh, n: Goth. boka, f: Dan. bog, c: Swed. bok, f: Icel. bók, f: O. Slav. bukva, f. All these words have evidently the same origin. Wormius, Saxo, Junius, ete. suppose that as bóc denotes a beech-tree, as well as a book, in the latter case it was used in reference to the material from which the Northern nations first made their books. Wormius infers, that pieces of wood, cut from the beech-tree, were the ancient Northern books, Lit. Run. p. 6. Saxo Grammaticus states, that Fengo's ambassadors took with them letters engraved in wood [literas ligno insculptas], because that was formerly a celebrated material to write upon, Lib. iii. p. 52; Turner's Hist. App. b. ii. ch. 4, n. 25, vol. i. p. 238. Thus the Latin liber, and Greek &iota-tonos;os a book, took their origin from the materials of which books were made. Liber originally signified the inner bark of a tree, and &iota-tonos;os or &upsilon-tonos;os, an Egyptian plant [Cyperus papyrus, Lin.], which, when divided into lamina and formed into sheets to write upon, was called os, hence papyrus paper. Martinius, Stiernhielmius, Wachter, Adelung, etc. rather derive buch, bóc, etc. from bügen to bend or fold in plaits, referring to the folded leaves of the parchment. Thus distinguishing these books from their folds. The ancient volumina were denominated from being in rolls, or rolled in the form of cylinders. At the Council of Toledo, in the 8th century, a book was denominated complicamentum, that which is folded. In still earlier times, even one fold of parchment was denominated a book, and Ker. calls a letter puah, and Not. brïef puoch, lit. a letter book.] DER. -béc, rend-bóc, bigspell-, bletsing-; Cristes bóc; dóm-, fór-, gódspell-, hand-, land-, mæsse-, pistol-, rding-, sang-, scrift-, síþ-, spel-, traht-, wís-: bóc-æceras, -cest, -cræft, -cræftig, -ere, -fel, -gestreón, -hord, -hús, -ian, -land, -lár, -leaf, -léden, -líc, -rdere, -rding, -reád, -riht, -scamel, -stæf, -tcing, -talu, -ung.

Source: Bosworth/Toller, page b0235, entry 48 View original page image as: [TIFF] [PNG] [View previous entry] [View next entry]

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eáster, eástor; gen. eástres; pl. nom. acc. eástro; gen. eástrena; dat. eástron, eástran [ = eastrum]; n: eástre, an; n. I. Easier, the feast of Easter; pascha = GREEK:-- On dæge symbeles eástres in die solemni paschœ, Lk. Lind. War. 2, 41. Wæs ðære ylcan nihte ðara hálgan Eástrena, ðæt seó cwén cende dóhtor ðæm cyninge it was on that same holy night of Easter, that the queen bore to the king a daughter, Bd. 2, 9; S. 511, 28. Æfter twám dagum beóþ eástro post bduum pascha fiet. Mt. Bos. 26, 2. Freóls-dæg, se is gecweden Eástre a feast day which is called Easter, Lk. Bos. 22, l. II. the passover, paschal lamb; pascha:-- To eástron for the Easter lamb, Mt. Bos. 26, 17. Ðá hí eástron offrodon . . . ðæt ðú eástron ete quando pascha immlbant. . . ut mandces pascha. Mk. Bos. 14, 12. [Ger. M. H. Ger. ostern, f; Ker. óstarun, óstrun: Ottf. óstará, óstoron dea, pascha: A. Sax. Eástre, the goddess of the rising sun, whose festivities were in April. Hence used by Teutonic christians for the rising of the sun of righteousness, the feast of the resurrection, Bd. de Temp. Rat. Works, vol. ii. p. 81: Grimm's Deut. Mythol. 8vo. 1855, pp. 180-183.]

Source: Cleasby/Vigfusson, page b0005, entry 1 View original page image as: [TIFF] [PNG] [View previous entry] [View next entry]

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with, Eg. 364; hlaða mörg skip af korni, load many ships with corn, Fms. xi. 8; klyfja tvá hesta af mat, Nj. 74; var vágrinn skipaðr af herskipum, the bay was covered with war ships, 124; fylla ker af glóðum, fill it with embers, Stj. 319; fylla heiminn af sínu kyni, to fill the world with his offspring, Ver. 3. III. denoting the substance of which a thing is made, of; used indifferently with ór, though ór be more frequent; þeir gerðu af honum jörðina, af blóði hans sæinn ok vötnin, of the creation of the world from the corpse of the giant Ymir; the poem Gm. 40, 41, constantly uses ór in this sense, just as in modern Icelandic, Edda 5; svá skildu þeir, at allir hlutir væri smíðaðir af nokkru efni, 147 (pref.); húsit var gert af timbrstokkum, built of trunks of timber, Eg. 233; hjöhin vóru af gulli, of gold, golden, Fms. i. 17; af osti, of cheese, but in the verse 1. c. ór osti, Fms. vi. 253; línklæði af lérepti, linen, Sks. 287. 2. metaph. in the phrases, göra e-t af e-ti (to dispose of), verða af (become of), hvat hefir þú gört af Gunnari, what hast thou done with Gunnar? Njarð. 376; hvat af motrinuni er orðit, what has become of it? of a lost thing, Ld. 208; hverfr Óspakr á burt, svá eigi vita menn hvat af honum er orðit, what has become of him? Band. 5. IV. de- noting parentage, descent, origin, domicile, abode: 1. parentage, of, from, used indifferently with frá; ok eru af þeim komnir Gilsbekkingar, descend from them, but a little below -- frá honum eru konmir Sturlungar, Eb. 338, cp. afkvæmi; af ætt Hörðakára, Fms. i. 287; kominn af Troj- umönnum, xi. 416; af Ása-ætt (Kb. wrongly at), Edda I. . metaph., vera af Guði (theol.), of God, = righteous, 686 B. 9; illr ávöxtr af íllri rót, Fms. ii. 48; Asia er kölluð af nafni nokkurar konu, derives her name from, Stj. 67; af honum er bragr kallaðr skáldskapr, called after his name, Edda 17. 2. of domicile; af danskri tungu, of Danish or Scandi- navian origin, speaking the Danish tongue, Grág. ii. 73; hvaðan af löndum, whence, native of what country? Ísl. . especially denoting a man's abode, and answering to á and í, the name of the farm (or country) being added to proper names, (as in Scotland,) to distinguish persons of the same name; Hallr af Síðu, Nj. 189; Erlingr af Straumey, 273; Ástríðr af Djúpárbakka, 39; Gunnarr af Hlíðarenda (more usual frá); þorir haklangr konungr af Ögðum, king of Agdir, Eg. 35, etc.; cp. ór and frá. V. denoting a person with whom an act, feeling, etc. originates, for the most part with a periphrastic passive: 1. by, the Old Engl. of; as, ek em sendr hingað af Starkaði ok sonum hans, sent hither by, Nj. 94; inna e-t af hendi, to perform, 257; þó at alþýða væri skírð af kennimönnum, baptized of, Fms. ii. 158; meira virðr af mönnum, higher esteemed, Ld. 158; ástsæll af landsmönnum, beloved, íb. 16; vinsæll af mönnum, Nj. 102; í allgóðu yfirlæti af þeim feðgum, hospitably treated by them, Eg. 170; var þá nokkut drukkið af alþjóð, there was somewhat hard drinking of the people, Sturl. iii. 229; mun þat ekki upp tekið af þeim sükudólgum mínum, they will not clutch at that, Nj. 257; ef svá væri í hendr þér búit af mér, if í had so made everything ready to thy hands, Ld. 130; þá varð fárætt um af föður hans, his father said little about it, Fms. ii. 154. 2. it is now also sometimes used as a periphrase of a nom., e. g. ritað, þýtt af e-m, written, translated, edited by, but such phrases scarcely occur in old writers. VI. denoting cause, ground, reason: 1. origin- ating from, on account of, by reason of; af frændsemis sökum, for kinship's sake, Grág. ii. 72; ómáli af áverkum, speechless from wounds, 27; af manna völdum, by violence, not by natural accident, of a crime, Nj. 76; af fortölum Halls, through his pleading, 255; af ástsæld hans ok af tölum þeirra Sæmundar, by his popularity and the eloquence of S., Íb. 16; af ráðum Haralds konungs, by his contriving, Landn. 157; úbygðr af frosti ok kulda, because of frost and cold, Hkr. i. 5. . adverbially, af því, therefore, Nj. 78; af hví, why? 686 B. 9; þá verðr bóndi heiðinn af barni sínu, viz. if he does not cause his child to be christened, K. þ. K. 20. 2. denoting instrumentality, by means of; af sinu fé, by one's own means, Grág. i. 293; framfæra e-n af verkum sinum, by means of one's own labour, K. þ. K. 42; draga saman auð af sökum, ok vælum ok kaupum, make money by, 623. I; af sínum kostnaði, at hi s own expense, Hkr. i. 217. . absol., hún fellir á mik dropa svá heita at ek brenn af öll, Ld. 328; hann fékk af hina mestu sæmd, derived great honotur from it, Nj. 88; elli sótti á hendr honum svá at hann lagðist í rekkjn af, he grew bedridden from age, Ld. 54; komast undan af hlaupi, escape by running, Fms. viii. 58; spinna garn af rokki, spin off a wheel (now, spinna á rokk), from a notion of instrumentality, or because of the thread being spun out (?), Eb. 92. 3. denoting proceeding, originating from; lýsti af höndum hennar, her hands spread beams of light, Edda 22; allir heimar lýstust (were illuminated) af henni, id.; en er lýsti af degi, when the day broke forth, Fms. ii. 16; lítt var lýst af degi, the day was just beginning to break, Ld. 46; þá tók at myrkja af nótt, the 'mirk-time' of night began to set in, Eg. 230; tók þá brátt at myrkva af nótt, the night grew dark, Hkr. ii. 230. 4. metaph., standa, leiða, hljótast af, to be caused by, result from; opt hlýtst íllt af kvenna hjali, great mischief is wrought by women's gossip (a proverb), Gísl. 15, 98; at af þeim mundi mikit mein ok úhapp standa, be caused by, Edda 18; kenna kulda af ráðum e-s, to feel sore from, Eb. 42; þó mun her hljótast af margs manns bani, Nj, 90. 5. in adverbial phrases, denoting state of mind; af mikilli æði, in fury, Nj. 116; af móð, in great emotion, Fms. xi. 221; af áhyggju, with concern, i. 186; af létta, frankly, iii. 91; af viti, collectedly, Grág. ii. 27; af heilu, sincerely, Eg. 46; áf fári, in rage; af æðru, timidly, Nj. (in a verse); af setning, com- posedly, in tune, Fms. iii. 187; af mikilli frægð, gallantly, Fas. i. 261; af öllu afli, with all might, Grág. ii. 41; af riki, violently, Fbr. (in a verse); af trúnaði, confidently, Grág. i. 400. VII. denoting regard to, of, concerning, in respect of, as regards: 1. with verbs, denoting to tell of, be informed, inquire about, Lat. de; Dioscorides segir af grasi því, speaks of, 655 xxx. 5; er menu spurðu af landinu, inquired about it, Landn. 30; halda njósn af e-u, Nj. 104; er þat skjótast þar af at segja, Eg. 546, Band. 8. . absol., hann mun spyrja, hvárt þér sé nokkut af kunnigt hversu for með okkr, whether you know anything about, how, Nj. 33; halda skóla af, to hold a school in a science, 656 A. i. 19 (sounds like a Latinism); en ek gerða þik sera mestan mann af öllu, in respect of all, that you should get all the honour of it, Nj. 78. 2. with adjectives such as mildr, illr, góðrafe-u, denoting disposition or character in respect to; alira manna mildastr af fo, very liberal, often-banded, Fms. vii. 197; mildr af gulli, i. 33; góðr af griðum, merciful, Al. 33; íllr af mat en mildr af gulli, Fms. i. 53; fastr af drykk, close, stingy in regard to, Sturl. ii. 125; gat þess Hildigunnr at þú mundir góðr af hestinum, that you would be good about the horse, Nj. 90, cp. auðigr at, v. at, which corresponds to the above phrases; cp. also the phrase af sér above, p. 4, col. I, ll. 50 sqq. VIII. periphrasis of a genitive (rare); provincialis af öllum Predikaraklaustrum, Fms. x. 76; vera af hinum mesta fjandskap, to breathe deep hatred to, be on bad terms with, ix. 220; af hendi, af hálfu e-s, on one's behalf, v. those words. IX. in adverbial phrases; as, af launungu, secretly; at" hljóði, silently; v. those words. . also used absolutely with a verb, almost adverbially, nearly in the signification off, away; hann bað þá róa af fjörðinn, pass the firth swiftly by rowing, row the firth off, Fms. ix. 502; var pá af farit þat seni skerjóttast var, was past, sailed past, Ld. 142; ok er þeir höfðu af fjórðung, past one fourth of the way, Dropl. 10: skína af, to clear up, of the skv, Eb. 152; hence in common language, skína af sér, when the sun breaks forth: sofa af nóttina, to sleep it away, Fms. ii. 98; leið af nóttin, the night past away, Nj. 53; dvelja af stundir, to kill the time, Band. 8; drepa af, to kill; láta af, to slaughter, kill off; . in exclamations; af tjöldin, off with the awnings, Bs. i. 420, Fins, ix. 49. . in the phrases, þar af, thence; hér af, hence, Fms. ii. 102; af fram, straight on, Nj. 144; now, á fram, on, advance. X. it often refers to a whole sentence or to an adverb, not only like other prepp. to hér, hvar, þar, but also re- dundantly to héðan, ru'-ðan, þaðan, whence, hence, thence. 2. the preposition may sometimes be repeated, once elliptically or adverbially, and once properly, e. g. en er af var borit at borðinu, the cloth was taken off from the table, Nj. 176; Guð þerrir af (off, away) hvert tár af (from) augum heilagra manna, God wipes off every tear from the eyes of his saints, 655 xx. vii. 17; skal þó fyrst bætr af lúka af fé vegaiula, pay off, from, Gþl. 160, the last af may be omitted -- var þá af borið borðinu -- and the prep. thus be separated from its case, or it may refer to some of the indecl. relatives er or sem, the prep. hvar, hér, þar being placed behind them without a case, and referring to the preceding relative, e. g. oss er þar mikit af sagt auð þeim, we have been told much about these riches, Band. 24; er þat skjótast þar af at segja, in short, shortly. Eg. 546; þaðan af veit ek, thence í infer, know, Fms. i. 97. XI. it is moreover connected with a great many verbs besides those mentioned above, e. g. bera af, to excel, whence afbragð, afbrigði; draga af, to detract, deduct, hence afdráttr; veita ekki af, to be hard with; ganga at, to be left, hence afgangr; standast af um e-t, to stand, how matters stand; sem af tekr, at a furious rate; vita af, to be conscious, know about (vide VII). D. As a prefix to compounds distinction is to be made be- tween: I. af privativum, denoting diminution, want, deduction, loss, separation, negation of, etc., answering indifferently to Lat. ab-, de-, ex-, dis-, and rarely to re- and se-, v. the following COMPDS, such as segja, dicere, but afsegja, negare; rækja, colere, but afrækja, negligere; aflaga, contra legem; skapligr, normalis, afskapligr, deformis; afvik, recessus; afhús, afhellir, afdalr, etc. II. af intensivum, ety- mologically different, and akin to of, afr-, e. g. afdrykkja = ofdrykkja, inebrietas; afbrýði, jealously; afbendi, tenesmus; afglapi, vir fatuus, etc. etc. Both the privative and the intensive af may be con- tracted into á, esp. before a labial f, m, v, e. g. á fram = af fram; ábrýði = afbrýði; ávöxtr = afvöxtr; áburðr = afburðr; ávíta = afvíta (?). In some cases dubious. With extenuated and changed vowel; auvirðiligr or övirðiligr, depreciated, = afv- etc., v. those

Source: Cleasby/Vigfusson, page b0091, entry 3 View original page image as: [TIFF] [PNG] [View previous entry] [View next entry]

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byrla, að, [A. S. byreljan and byrljan; whence the word is probably borrowed] :-- to wait upon, with dat., esp. to hand the ale at a banquet, (answering to bera öl, Fs. 121); stóð þar upp Snjófrið dóttir Svása, ok byrlaði ker mjaðar fullt konungi, Fms. x. 379, Hkr. i. 102; hann setti annan mann til at b. sér, Post. 656 C. 32: metaph., hann byrlar optliga eitr sinnar slægðar mannkyninu, Fms. ii. 137: to fill the cup, síðan byrlar hann í hornin, Fas. ii. 550: in mod. use, to mix a beverage, esp. in bad sense, by putting poison in it.

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