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Source: Bosworth/Toller, page b0172, entry 32
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CÚ; nom. acc; gen. cúe, cú, cuus, cús; dat. cý; pl. nom. acc. cý; gen. cúa, cúna; dat. cuum, cúm; f. A cow; vacca, bucula :-- Cú vacca, Wrt. Voc. 287, 56. Cú vacca vel bucula, Ælfc. Gl. 21; Som. 59, 82; Wrt. Voc. 23, 40: 78, 42. Iung cú a young cow; juvenca, Ælfc. Gl. 22; Som. 59, 89; Wrt. Voc. 23, 46. Án cú wearþ gebroht to ðam temple a cow was brought to the temple, Homl. Th. ii. 300, 33: Chr. 1085; Erl. 218, 36. Gesomna cúe mesa collect the dung of a cow, L. M. 1, 38; Lchdm. ii. 98, 5. On ðære cú hricge on the cow's back, M. H. 194a. Be cuus horne of a cow's horn, L. In. 59; Th. i. 140, 1, 3. Cús eáge a cow's eye, 59; Th. i. 140, 4. Of ðære cý from the cow, M. H. 194a. Gif mon cú forstele if a man steal a cow, L. Alf. pol. 16; Th. i. 70, 24: L. In. 38; Th. i. 126, 5: L. Ath. v. § 6, 2; Th. i. 234, 1: L. O. D. 7; Th. i. 356, 5. Cúa of cows, Cod. Dipl. 201; A. D. 814; Kmbl. i. 353, 28. Feówertig cúna vaccas quadraginia, Gen. 32, 15: Cod. Dipl. 732; A. D. 1016-1020; Kmbl. iv. 10, 23: 949; A. D. 1649-1052; Kmbl. iv. 284, 8. On cuum in vaccis, Ps. Lamb. 67, 31. Ðú wást, ðæt ic hæbbe hnesce litlingas and ge-eáne eówa and gecelfe cý mid me nosti quod parvulos habeam teneros et oves et boves fætas mecum, Gen. 33, 13: Cod. Dipl. 235; A. D. 835; Kmbl. i. 310, 18, 25, 27: 675; A. D. 990; Kmbl. iii. 255, 13. [Prompt, cowe vacca: Piers P. kow, cow: R. Brun. kie, pl: Plat. ko, pl. koie: O. Sax. kó, f: Frs. kw, pl. ky, f: O. Frs. ku, f: Dut. koe, f: Kil. koe, koeye: Ger. kuh, f: M. H. Ger. kuo, f: O. H. Ger. kua, kó, f: Dan. ko, koe: Swed. ko, f: Icel. kýr, f. dat. and acc. kú: Lat. cva a heifer: Sansk. go, gaus bos, vacca.] DER. folc-cú, mete-.

Source: Bosworth/Toller, page b0452, entry 19
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ge-teón, -tión; p. -teóde; pp. -teód To make, form, frame, appoint, determine, decree, ordain, assign; fcre, stture, constture, decernre :-- Ðe him to gode geteóde which he had formed to himself for a god, Cd. 182; Th. 228, 19; Dan. 204. He us æt frymþe geteóde líf he assigned life to us at the beginning, Exon. 88 b; Th. 333, 17; Gn. Ex. 5: 90 a; Th. 337, 28; Gn. Ex. 71: Andr. Kmbl. 28; An. 14. He hine gegyrede mid grame wyrgþu, swá he hine wdum wrstum geteóde induit se mldictine scut vestmento, Ps. Th. 108, 18. Hú woruld wre wundrum geteód how the world was wondrously framed, Cd. 177; Th. 222, 28; Dan. 111. Se ðe geteód hæfde qui decrvrat, Bd. 3, 24; S. 556, 12: Blickl. Homl. 19, 35. Geteód to ðm écan wítum destined to eternal torments, 37, 4: 31, 22. Ðonne biþ ðam heard dóm geteód a hard sentence will be the lot of that man, 95, 36. Þurh hwelces monnes hond mín ende wre getiód by what man's hand my death was determined; cujus mortem percussoris manu cavendam habeam, Nar. 31, 19: Th. Ch. 483, 15.

Source: Bosworth/Toller, page b0547, entry 8
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hnesce, hnæsce, hnysce; adj. Nesh, soft, delicate, tender, effeminate :-- Hnysce hwítel linna, Ælfc. Gl. 63; Som. 68, 113; Wrt. Voc. 40, 23. Hnesce on móde tó flsclícum lustum yielding easily to the lusts of the flesh, Homl. Th. ii. 220, 4. Gefrédan hwæt biþ heard hwæt hnesce to feel what is hard, what soft, 372, 32: Elen. Kmbl. 1226; El. 615. Heó is hnesce on æthrine it is soft to the touch, Herb. 15, 1; Lchdm. i. 108, 1. Síe ðr eác lufu næs ðeáh tó hnesce sit itaque amor, sed non emolliens, Past. 17, 11; Swt. 127, 2. Hwæt getácnaþ ðonne ðæt flsc búton unfæsð weorc and hnesce quid enim per carnes nisi infirma quædam ac tenera, 34, 6; Swt. 235, 15. Ðonne hys twig byþ hnesce cum ramus ejus tener fuerit, Mt. Kmbl. 24, 32. Æ-acute;ghwæt hnesces oððe heardes, L. de Cf. 9; Th. ii. 264, 6: Salm. Kmbl. 574; Sal. 286. Ðonne geþafaþ him mon on ðære hnescean ólecunge eique mollities favoris adhibetur, Past. 19, 1; Swt. 143, 21. Swá hé ðone hnescan þafettere on réceléste ne gebrenge ut remissis ac lenibus non crescat negligentia, 60; Swt. 453, 25. Ne gedafenaþ ús ðæt wé symle hnesce beón on úrum geleáfan it befits us not to be ever delicate in our belief, Homl. Th. i. 602, 12. Mann hnescum gyrlum gescrýdne hominem mollibus vestitum, Mt. Kmbl. ii. 8; Lk. Skt. 7, 25. Heó biþ hnesceum leáfum it is a plant with soft leaves, Herb. 6, 1; Lchdm. i. 96, 14. Ic hæbbe hnesce litlingas parvulos habeam teneros, Gen. 33, 13. Syle him etan hnesce ægere give him lightly boiled (?) eggs to eat, Lchdm. iii. 134, 22. Æ-acute;lc wuht biþ innanweard hnescost every creature is softest inside, Bt. 34, 10; Fox 150, 6. Drihten nfre ne forsyhþ ða eáþmódan heortan ne ða hnescestan the Lord never despises the humble heart nor the weakest, Blickl. Homl. 99, 5. [A. R. nesche: Orm. nesshe: Chauc. nesh: Goth. hnaskwus soft.]

Source: Bosworth/Toller, page b0652, entry 17
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lytling, es; m. A little one, a young person, child :-- Se ðe underféhþ nne lytling on mínum naman he that receives one little one in my name, Homl. Th. ii. 286, 30. Lyttlingas, i. 512, 21. Furþon litlincgas nellaþ forbígean mé nec parvuli nolunt præterire me [the baker], Coll. Monast. Th. 29, 1. Ða litlingas fuhton on hire innoþe, Gen. 25, 22. Æ-acute;nne of ðyssum lytlingum unum de pusillis istis, Mt. Kmbl. 18, 6: Homl. Th. i. 84, 11. His efenealdan lytlingas [the children killed in Bethlehem], 88, 12. Ic hæbbe hnesce litlingas parvulos habeam teneros, Gen. 34, 13: 50, 21. Gif hwylc gódra wile his lytlingas hiom [priests] tó láre befæstan, hig sceolon swíðe lustlíce hig onfón, and him tcan, L. E. I. 20; Th. ii. 414, 8.

Source: Bosworth/Toller, page d0188, entry 1
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4, 9; S. 192, 12. Hé beseah tó þre swýðran healfe . . . and hí tódrifon þone ende, ac him æfter eóde óðer gefylce, Hml. S. 25, 669. (d) quarters in a building :-- Heó is genyrwed on þone ende þe þá gesceádwísan wuniað, Hml. Th. i. 536, 19. (e) in an indefinite sense, side, quarter :-- Beó man georne ymbe feós bóte ghwár on earde, and ymb burhbóte on ghwylcan ende, Ll. Th. i. 310, 23 : 322, 32 : Wlfst. 268, 6. (3) the extremity of a line or long object :-- Ðá stánas licggeað æt lcre strte ende, Past. 133, 9. Hwílum ic on wicge ríde herges on ende, Rä. 78, 8. Ende calcem, Wrt. Voc. ii. 25, 34. Æfter strta endum, Past. 135, 3. (3 a) part of the human body (?) :-- Gif nýten sig mannes ende besmiten si bestia a viro sit polluta, Ll. Th. ii. 144, 10. (4) part, proportion (v. N. E. D. end, 5 c) :-- Hé him ánum deádum lytle mildheortnesse gedyde . . . þe hé siþþan nánum ende (not at all, in no instance) his cynne gedón nolde, Ors. 3, 9; S. 128, 17. Hé ofslóh mycelne ende þes folces (mycel folc, má þonne .xxx. gódera þegena bútan óðrum folce, v. ll.), Chr. 1052 ; P. 178, 9. II. with reference to time or serial order. (1) close of a period, conclusion of an action or continuous state or course of events :-- Aldres ende, B. 822. Him weorðeð ende lífes, Ph. 365. Ende cymeð dógorrímes, 484. Wuldres ende, An. 1059. Ende nfre þínes wræces weorðeð, 1384. Þ-bar; wite þe nfre nnig ende ne becymeþ, Bl. H. 51, 31. Gefeá bútan ende, Hml. Th. i. 460, 19. Á bútan nigum ende, Nar. 49, 19. Þá wæs hyra tíres æt ende, Jud. 272 : Dóm. 2 : Cri. 1030. Is nú ende feor þæt wé sceolun ætsomne súsel þrowian it is far from the end of the time during which we must suffer together, i. e. our sufferings will never end, Sat. 40. Oð his lífes ende, Chr. 709; P. 41, 35. Þes dæg hæfð lcere wucan frymþe and ende, Bl. H. 133, 6. Gewinnes ende gereccan, Gú. 106. Ðisses eorðweges ende gescrífan, Ps. Th. 118, 87. Oþ ende in finem, 102, 9 : 111, 8. Wiþ ende, 67, 16: 73, 10. (1 a) the end of all things :-- Beóð fela frecednyssa on mancynne r þan þe se ende becume, Hml. Th. i. 2, 30. Hé eft æt þám ende eallum wealdeð monna cynne, Gn. Ex. 137. (2) the concluding part of a period, action, &c. :-- On ðínum endum in novissimis tuis, Kent. Gl. 707. Endas extrema, 483. (3) the terminal point of a series, in phrases expressing completeness :-- God is fruma and ende lces gódes, Bt. 80, 10. Cyninga wuldor, fruma and ende (cf. Ego sum et , principium et finis, dicit Dominus Deus, Rev. 1, 8), An. 556. Ic þé secgan wille ór and ende, 649. Ongeat cyning ord and ende þæs þe him ýwed wæs, Dan. 162. From orde oþILLEGIBLE ende forð, El. 590. Ór gecýðan oð ende forð, Jul. 353. (4) termination of existence :-- Ealle þá gewítaþ swá swá wolcn . . . þyllic bið se ende þæs líchoman fægernesse, Bl. H. 59, 21. Æ-acute;lc fgernes tó ende efsteþ, 57, 28: 59, 26. Bútan r God ende worulde wyrcan wille, Seel. 13. (4 a) of persons, death :-- Þurh hwelces monnes hond mín ende wre getiód cujus mortem percussoris manu cauendam habeam, Nar. 31, 18. Oþ þæt ende becwóm, swylt æfter synnum, B. 1254. Æ-acute;r þám syxtan dæge his endes (ændes, v. l.) . . . hé his ende (ænde, v. l.) getrymede ante sextum exitus sui diem . . . exitum suum munivit, Gr. D. 175, 14, 18. Hé him æt his ende grim geweorþeþ, Bl. H. 25, 13. Hé þr wunode tó his ende, Chr. 633 ; P. 26, 23. Æ-acute;r his ende, Shrn. 50, 13. Mon heora líchoman ætsomne ne byrgde at heora ende, 35, 21. (4 b) (latter, last) end :-- Þám ýtemestan ende suprema sorte, An. Ox. 1990. Þæt him feóndes hond æt þám ýtmestan ende ne scóde, Gú. 414. (5) final state :-- Ic (the soul) uncres gedáles onbád earfoþlíce; nis nú húru se ende tó gód, Seel. 38. (6) completion of action, æt ende finished :-- Swefn wæs æt ende, Dan. 524: Exod. 267. Eall mon untídlíce onginþ, næfþ hit nó æltwne ende, Bt. 5, 2 ; F. 10, 28: Hy. 2, 13. Þus þá æðelingas ende gesealdon thus those noble ones made end, Ap. 85. (7) issue, event :-- Hé in eóde þæt hé gesáwe ðone ende, Mt. 26, 58. Hú gelíce onginn þá twá byrg hæfdon . . . ac hiora anwalda endas wron swíþe ungelíce similis Babylonis ortus et Romae . . . tamen non similis exitus similisve defectus, Ors. 2, 1; S. 64, 5. (8) end to be attained, goal :--Sege hwelces endes lc angin wilnige . . . Hú mæg þæt beón, nú þú angin wást, þú eác þone ende nyte, Bt. 5, 3; F. 12, 18, 24, 35. Willniað ealle þurh mistlice paþas cuman tó ánum ende, is hí wilniaþ þurh ungelíce earnunga cuman tó ánre eádignesse omnis mortalium cura diverso quidem calle procedit, sed ad unum tamen beatitudinis finem nititur pervenire, 24, 1; F. 80, 8. (9) in phrases. (a) æt (þám) ende in the end, ultimately :-- Æt þám ende ne beheóld hit nán þing seó scipfyrding búton folces geswinc, Chr. 999 ; P. 133, 9. Wearð hit fram dæge tó dæge lætre and wyrre swá hit æt þám ende eall geférde, 1066; P. 200, 6. Æ-acute;fre hí æt eude sige áhton, 998; P. 131, 16. Húru æt þám ende ne tweóde þæs leánes þe heó lange gyrnde, Jud. 346. (b) in ende,UNCERTAIN always, to the last:-- Nales in ende (in finem) ofergeotulnis bið ðearfena, Ps. Srt. 9, 19. (c) on (þám) ende in the end, ultimately :-- Þéh þá hláfordas on þm ende hæfdon heánlíce sige, Ors. 2, 6; S. 88, 1. Ðæs ðý wyrse wíte hié sculon habban on ende gravius quippe extrema ultione feriendi sunt, Past. 231, 14: Ps. Th. 58, 12. (d) on ende on end, continuously, consecutively, without omission or intermission :-- Hit man fre on ende for áne híde werian scolde, C. D. iii. 112, 23 ; Ps. Th. 78, 5. Heó eorlum on ende (to all in succession) ealuwge bær, B. 2021. III. kind, sort :-- Hé sealde betste hors and þæs fægerestan endes (heówes, híues, eondes, v. ll.) Aidane donauerat equum optimum Aidano, Bd. 3, 14; Sch. 257, 1. Ne hæfdon wit monig óþer uncýmran hors and óðres endes (eondes, híwes, v. ll.) numquid non habuimus equos uiliores uel alias species, Sch. 258, 4. v. norþeást-, norþwest-, rihtwest-, súþeást-, úp-, westsuþ-ende.

Source: Cleasby/Vigfusson, page b0002, entry 1
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C. OTHER CHANGES :-- in modern Icel. the old syllable va has changed into vo; vó of the 14th century being an intermediate form: thus von, spes; votr, madidus; vor, ver; vorr, noster; voði, periculum; koma, adventus; voru, erant, etc.: so also the á in the dat. hánum, illi, now honum, which is also employed in the editions of old writings; kómu = kvámu = kvómu, veniebant, etc. In Norway a was often changed into æ in the pronominal and adverbial forms; as hæna, illam; þær, þænn, þæt, ibi, ilium, illud; hence originate the mod. Dan. hende, der, den, det; in some Norse dialects even still dar, dat. The short a in endings in mod. Dan. changed into e (æ), e. g. komme, uge, talede, Icel. koma, vika; whereas the Swedes still preserve the simple a, which makes their language more euphonious than the mod. Dan. In most districts of Icel. an a before ng, nk, has changed into á, thus langr (longus), strangr (durus), krankr (aegrotus) are spelt lángr, kránkr, etc. In the west of Iceland however we still say langr, strangr, etc., which is the pure old form. The a becomes long when followed by lf, lm, lp, thus álfr, genius; álpt, cygnus; hálfr, dimidius; kálfr, vitulus; sjálfr, ipse; this is very old: the fem. hlf, dimidia, which occurs in the 12th century, points to an á, not a; já = ja in hjálpa, skjálfa, etc. The lengthening before lm is later, -- álmr, ulmus; hálmr, calamus; sálmr, psalmus; hjálmr, ga- lea; málmr, metallum, etc. In all these cases the á is not etymological. Also before ln in the plur. of alin, álnar not alnar: lk, alka = alka, alca; bálkr = balkr; fálki = falki, falco: háls = hals; frjáls = frjals; járn = jarn; skáld = skald; v. those words: aarni, dat. of arinn, v. that word: the proper name Árni, properly Arni: abbati, abbas, ábóti: Adám, on the contrary, changed into Adam; Máría into Maria, Mary. The old spell- ing is still kept in máriatla, motacilla pectore albo, etc. In the 1st pers. pret. indic., and in the pres. and pret. conj. we have a changed into i, e. g. talaða to talaði, locutus sum; sagða, dixi, vilda, volui, hafða, habui, to sagði, vildi, hafði: in the 1st pers. pres. and pret. conj., hefða, haberem, hafa, habeam, to hefði, hafi. These forms occur as early as the begin- ning of the 13th century (e. g. in the Hulda, Cd. A. M. 66, fol. = Fms. vi. and vii). In the south of Iceland however (Reykjavik, the Árnes and Gullbringusýsla) the old forms are still frequently heard in bisyllabic preterites, esp. ek vilda, sagða, hafða, and are also employed in writing by natives of those districts. D. a answers to Goth, a; A. S. ea (a, ä); allr, totus; Goth, alls; A. S. eall: the primitive á to Goth, ê, sátu, Goth, sêtun, sedebant; gráta, grétun, lacrymari; láta, lêtan; vápn, vêpn, arma; vagr, vêgs, fluctus. The Icel. secondary á, on the contrary, must in the kindred Teutonic idioms be sought for under a vowel plus a consonant, such as an, ah, or the like. A. S. æ commonly answers to Icel. á, láta, A. S. lætan; dáð, A. S. dæð; þráðr, A. S. þræð, Engl. thread; mál (GREEK), A. S. mœl, cp. Engl. meal. The A. S. (1, on the contrary, etyrnologically answers to Icel. ei. The diphthong au answers to Goth. au, A. S. eá, -- rauðr, Goth. rauds, A. S. reað, Engl. red. In English the a seems at very early times to have assumed its present ambiguous sound; this we may infer from A. S. words introduced into Icelandic. The river Thames in Icel. is spelt, as it is still pronounced in England, as Tems, which form occurs in a poem of the year 1016. E. The Runic character for a was in the Gothic and Anglo-Saxon Runes (so termed by P. A. Munch) RUNE [A. S. RUNE]; so in the Golden horn, on the stone in Thune in Norway (Ed. by P. A. Munch, 1857), and in the Bracteats. The Saxons called it os = áss, deus. In the Runes it was the fourth letter in the first group (fuþork). The Scandi- navians in their Runes used this character for o, and called it óss, ostium, probably misled by the A. S. pronunciation of the homely word áss. This character, however, occurs only a few times in the common Runes, which in its stead used the A. S. Rune RUNE, gér, annona, which is the fourth Rune in the second group (hnias, A. S. hnijs), called according to the northern pronunciation ár, annona: this letter, RUNE or RUNE has the form, as well as the name and place, of the A. S. RUNE, RUNE.

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