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Source: Bosworth/Toller, page d0252, entry 27 View original page image as: [TIFF] [PNG] [View previous entry] [View next entry]

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for-spild. Add :-- Onlícnesse ... ðára ðe hiera hátheortnes hié suíðe hrædlíce on færspild geld typum eorum quos vehementer arripiens furor in praeceps ducit, Past. 295, 19. Cf. for-spildness.

Source: Bosworth/Toller, page d0298, entry 19 View original page image as: [TIFF] [PNG] [View previous entry] [View next entry]

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ge-brengan. Add: I. to bring to or from a place, (1) where the object is material :-- Gif gebrenges (offeres) ðing ð ín tó wígbed, Mt. L. 5, 23. Gebrengað ldað hiá educit eas, Jn. L. 10, 3. Hié þá scipu binnan Lundenbyrig gebróhton, Chr. 896; P. 89, 21. Gebróhtun (obtulerunt) him monno dumbne, Mt. L. 9, 32. Gebreng ðing ðín, 5, 24. Gebrengað ðás hiona auferte ista hinc, Jn. L. R. 2, 16. Hé óðer wíf þm óðrum æt hám gebrenge, Ll. Th. i. 10, 8: 22, 3. Hié þá men gebrengen beforan kyninges geréfan on folcgemóte, 82, 11. Wolde ic biddan þæt þu ús gebróhte ofer hwæles éðel on þre mgðe. An. 273. Hé bebeád mon þone apostol gebróhte on Bothmose Apostolus in Patmum relegatus fuit, Ors. 6, 9; S. 264, 10. Ne mæhtun gebrenga (offere) hine him, Mk. L. 2, 4. Gebreingendum genfendum, Mt. p. 14, 1. Forstolen þingc under þæs wífes cglocan gebróht, Ll. Th. i. 418, 20. (2) where the object is non-material :-- Þá niþemestan ic gebrenge æt þám hehstan and ðá hehstan æt þám niþemestan, þæt is ic gebrenge eáþmódnesse on heofonum and þá heofonlican gód æt þám eáþmédum, Bt. 7, 3 ; F. 22, 1-3. Hé hðene þeáwas innan þysan lande gebróhte. Chr. 959; P. 115, 11. Ic þé snyttro on gebróhte, Bt. 7, 3 ; F. 20, 11. Hé wolde ðm fortrúwodum monnum andrysno hálwendes eges on gebrengean. Past. 385, 17. Mið gebróchtum mæhtum conlatis uirtutibus, Lk. p. 6, 1. I a. where the point reached is abstract, as in to bring to justice :-- Se man þane óðerne æt rihte gebrenge. Ll. Th. i. 34, 2. Hé wæs tó deáðe gebróht, Hml. S. 25, 725. I b. of legal status :-- Æ-acute;lc freó man beó on hundrede and on teóðunge gebróht, Ll. Th. i. 386, 20. II. to bring to or from a state, condition, action, &c. , cause to be :-- Seó hrædwilnes ðæt mod gebrengð on ðm weorce þe hiene r nán willa tó ne spón mentem impellit furor, quo non trahit desiderium, Past. 314, 9. Se áwiergda gst ðæt mod gebre[n]gð on manegum unðeáwe mentem maligni spiritus per innumera vitia seducendo corrumpunt, 463, 31. Ðá hé on óþrum híwe gebrengþ, Bt. 39, 8 ; F. 224, 10. Þ ú gebróhtest his feóndas on blisse laetificasti inimicos ejus, Ps. Th. 88, 35. Ne gebróhte ðé nán óþer man on þám gedwolan bútan þé sylfum, Bt. 5, 1; F. 8, 36 : Hml. Th. ii. 476, 11. Hí hine on yrre gebróhtan in iram concitaverunt Deum, Ps. Th. 77, 19. Hí þet wærod on fleáme gebróhtan, Chr. 1006; P. 137, 9. Ic wæs on þám bysmore and on þre sceame þe hý mé on gebróhton, Solil. H. 12, 7. Ðætte hiene sió gewilnung ðre gífernesse of his módes fæstrdnesse ne gebrenge, Past. 316, 7. Hí ðá uncystegan on yfelre hneáwnesse ne gebrengen, 453, 29. II a. with complementary adj. (ptcpl.) :-- Hé mæg þone láðan gást . . . fleónde gebrengan. Sal. 87 : 147. III. to bring forth, produce, v. forþ-gebrengan in Dict. :-- Wæstm gebróhte gebrenges frustum affert. Mt. L. 13, 23. te uæstm gié gebrenge (tógibrenge, R., adferatis). Jn. L. 15, 8. v. ge-bringan.

Source: Bosworth/Toller, page d0510, entry 5 View original page image as: [TIFF] [PNG] [View previous entry] [View next entry]

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hát-heort. Add: -- Hátheort furibundus, iratus, Hpt. Gl. 477, 29. Þre hátheortan furibundae, Wrt. Voc. ii. 34, 45. Þm hátheortan funesto, 14. Háthort were viro furioso, Kent. Gl. 845. [Cf. O. H. Ger. heaz-herzí furor.]

Source: Bosworth/Toller, page d0664, entry 30 View original page image as: [TIFF] [PNG] [View previous entry] [View next entry]

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óleccan, ólæcan (l. ólcan). I. dele last passage, for which see ólehtan, and add :-- Martianus cwæð hé geare wiste his æðelborennysse, 'and ic þé for ðí tihte ðú-þám godum geoffrige'. Iulianus him sde, 'Þu eart áblend for þínre yfelnysse, and for þí mé þus ólcst', Hml. S. 4, 133. Suá micle líðelecor hé sceal ólecan (óleccean, v. l.) ðm welegan eáðmódan . . . eác ðá wódðraga ðæs ungewitfullan monnes se lce gehlð mid ðm ðæt hé him ólecð æfter his ágnum willan tanto lenius humilitatem divitum mulceat. . . et furor insanorum ad salutem medico blandiente reducitur, Past. 183, 15-33. Ðonne hé his wambe suá hnesclíce ólecð dum ventri molliter servit, 313, 12. Ðæt mód oft ólecð him selfum guadam delectatione ejus sibimetipsi animus blanditur, 463, 9. Eft hé ólehte ðám scamfæston rursum verecundantem refovet, 207, 10. Hé hí swá unróte óleccende tó him geloccode . . . Be ðm wæs swíðe ryhtlíce gecweden ðætte Sihhem Dinan líðelíce ólehte, ðá ðá hé hí geunrótsod hæfde tristem blanditiis delinivit . . . Recte adjungitur, 'Tristem blanditiis delinivit', 415, 18-30. Þá ólhte Gezabel þám unrihtwísan and cwæð, 'Arís and gereorda, . . . ic ðe forgife þone wíneard', Hml. S. 18, 184. Ðætte . . . ðæt mód his hiéremonna hé óliccende (óleccende, v. l.) egesige and ðreátigende ólicce (ólecce, v. l.) ut. . . corda subditorum et terrendo demulceat, et tamen ad terroris reverentiam demulcendo constringat, Past. 127, 6-7. Swá wilnigen tó óleccanne ðm gódum and hí tó herianne, swá hí húru ne óleccen ðm yflum sic praedicanda sunt bona, ne ex latere juventur et mala, 453, 32. II. add :-- Hí rícum monnum swíðe óleccað ðá hwíle ðe hí him beforan beóð . . . Hé déð feóndscipe ðm ilcan Gode ðe hé r ólehte venientes ad faciem quorumdam hominum magna eis submissione blandiuntur . . . In eum, quem rogaverat, inimicitias exercet, Past. 421, 27-33. Ðæt hé nánum men ne ólicce in nullius se debeat favorem declinare, 383, 12. Gif hí lytles hwæt habbaþ, þonne beþurfon hí hí óleccan þm æfter friþe þe máre habbað . . . swá hé máre hæfþ, swá hé má monna óleccan sceal, Bt. 26, 2; F. 92, 28-33. Ðú woldest beón foremre on weorþscipe . . . þonne scealt þú óleccan swíþe earmlíce þám þe þé tó þám gefultumian mæge dignitatibus fulgere velis ? danti supplicabis, 32, 1; F. 114, 11. Hí þá sóna ólcende (óliciende, v. l.) ymb seofiende adulando questi sunt, Gr. D. 34, 33. III. add :-- Hí God forsáwon and þám wiðersacan ólehtan (ólhtan, v. l.), Wlfst. 202, 3. Þ-bar; hí ongiten hwonan him se wela cóme and ólecce ðm, þý ls hé him þone welan áferre, Bt. 39, 11; F. 230, 19. IV. add :-- Ðonne ús fullícost óleccað ðá cræftas and ðá mægenu cum virtutum nobis copia blanditur, Past. 467, 5. Þá woruldslþa swíþe lytelíce óleccaþ þm módum þe hí on lást willaþ beswícan, Bt. 7, 1 ; F. 16, 11. [For a discussion of this verb see Angl. xxxi. 259.] v. ge-óleccan ; ólehtan.

Source: Cleasby/Vigfusson, page b0061, entry 17 View original page image as: [TIFF] [PNG] [View previous entry] [View next entry]

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ber-serkr, s, m., pl. ir: [the etymology of this word has been much contested; some -- upon the authority of Snorri, hans menn fóru 'brynjulausir,' Hkr. i. 11 -- derive it from 'berr' (bare) and 'serkr' [cp. sark, Scot, for shirt]; but this etymology is inadmissible, because 'serkr' is a subst. not an adj.: others derive it from 'berr' (Germ, bär = ursus), which is greatly to be preferred, for in olden ages athletes and champions used to wear hides of bears, wolves, and reindeer (as skins of lions in the south), hence the names Bjálfi, Bjarnhéðinn, Úlfhéðinn, (héðinn, pellis,) -- 'pellibus aut parvis rhenonum tegimentis utuntur, 'Caes. Bell. Gall. vi. 22: even the old poets understood the name so, as may be seen in the poem of Hornklofi (beginning of 10th century), a dialogue between a Valkyrja and a raven, where the Valkyrja says, at berserkja reiðu vil ek þik spyrja, to which the raven replies, Úlfhéðnar heita, they are called Wolfcoats, cp. the Vd. ch. 9; þeir berserkir er Úlfhéðnar vóru kallaðir, þeir höfðu vargstakka (coats of wild beasts) fyrir brynjur, Fs. 17 :-- a 'bear-sark,' 'bear-coat,' i. e. a wild warrior or champion of the heathen age; twelve berserkers are mentioned as the chief followers of several kings of antiquity, e. g. of the Dan. king Rolf Krake, Edda 82; a Swed. king, Gautr. S. Fas. iii. 36; king Adils, Hrólf. Kr. S. ch. 16 sqq.; Harald Hárfagri, Eg. ch. 9, Grett. ch. 2, Vd. l. c. (Hornklofi, v. above); the twelve sons of Arngrim, Hervar. S. ch. 3-5, Hdl. 22, 23; the two berserkers sent as a present by king Eric at Upsala to earl Hakon of Norway, and by him presented to an Icel. nobleman, Eb. ch. 25. In battle the berserkers were subject to fits of frenzy, called berserksgangr (furor bersercicus, cp. the phrase, ganga berserksgang), when they howled like wild beasts, foamed at the mouth and gnawed the iron rim of their shields; during these fits they were, according to popular belief, proof against steel and fire, and made great havoc in the ranks of the enemy; but when the fever abated they were weak and tame. A graphical description of the 'furor bersercicus' is found in the Sagas, Yngl. S. ch. 6, Hervar. S. l. c., Eg. ch. 27, 67, Grett. ch. 42, Eb. ch. 25, Nj. ch. 104, Kristni S. ch. 2, 8 (Vd. ch. 46); cp. also a passage in the poem of Hornklofi | grenjuðu berserkir, | guðr var þeim á sinnum, | emjaðu Úlfhéðnar | ok ísarn gniiðu -- which lines recall to the mind Roman descriptions of the Cimbric war-cry. In the Icel. Jus Eccles. the berserksgangr, as connected with the heathen age, is liable to the lesser outlawry, K. Þ. K. 78; it is mentioned as a sort of possession in Vd. ch. 37, and as healed by a vow to God. In the Dropl. S. Major (in MS.) it is medically described as a disease (v. the whole extract in the essay 'De furore Bersercico,' Kristni S. old Ed. in cake); but this Saga is modern, probably of the first part of the 17th century. The description of these champions has a rather mythical character. A somewhat different sort of berserker is also recorded in Norway as existing in gangs of professional bullies, roaming about from house to house, challenging husbandmen to 'holmgang' (duel), extorting ransom (leysa sik af hólmi), and, in case of victory, carrying off wives, sisters, or daughters; but in most cases the damsel is happily rescued by some travelling Icelander, who fights and kills the berserker. The most curious passages are Glúm, ch. 4, 6, Gísl. ch. 1 (cp. Sir Edm. Head's and Mr. Dasent's remarks in the prefaces), Grett. ch. 21, 42, Eg. ch. 67, Flóam. S. ch. 15, 17; according to Grett. ch. 21, these banditti were made outlaws by earl Eric, A. D. 1012. It is worth noticing that no berserker is described as a native of Icel.; the historians are anxious to state that those who appeared in Icel. (Nj., Eb., Kr. S. l. c.) were born Norse (or Swedes), and they were looked upon with fear and execration. That men of the heathen age were taken with fits of the 'furor athleticus' is recorded in the case of Thorir in the Vd., the old Kveldulf in Eg., and proved by the fact that the law set a penalty upon it. Berserkr now and then occurs as a nickname, Glúm. 378. The author of the Yngl. S. attributes the berserksgangr to Odin and his followers, but this is a sheer misinterpretation, or perhaps the whole passage is a rude paraphrase of Hm. 149 sqq. In the old Hbl. 37 berserkr and giant are used synonymously. The berserkers are the representatives of mere brute force, and it therefore sounds almost blasphemous, when the Norse Barl. S. speaks of Guðs berserkr (a'bear-coat' or champion of God), (Jesus Kristr gleymdi eigi hólmgöngu sins berserks), 54, 197. With the introduction of Christianity this championship disappeared altogether.

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