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Source: Bosworth/Toller, page b0223, entry 16
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The following entry has been hand-corrected once.
EÁ; often indeclinable in the sing, but eás is sometimes found in gen; and é,
, e
in dat; pl. nom. acc. eá, eán; gen. eá; dat. eáum, eám, eán; f;
; indecl. f. Running water, a stream, river, water; fl
vius, fl
men, torrens, aqua :-- Eá of dúne water from the hill, Menol. Fox 520; Gn. C. 30. Seó feorþe eá ys geháten Eufrates fl
vius quartus est Euphr
tes, Gen. 2, 14: Bd. 3, 24; S. 556, 34, 46. On twá healfe ðære eás on the two sides of the river, Chr. 896; Th. 172, 39, col. 1. On óðre healfe ðære eá [MS. L. eás] on the other side of the river, Ors. 1. 1; Bos. 20, 3. Be ðære eá ófrun by the banks of the river, Gen. 41, 3: Ors. 1, 3; Bos. 27, 28: 2, 4; Bos. 44, 13. Be ðære eá by the river. Chr. 896; Th. 172, 35, col. 2. Ða eá oferfaran wolde would go over the river, Ors. 2, 4; Bos. 44, 2. On ðæm lande syndon twá mycele eá Iðaspes and Arbis in the country are two great rivers, Hydaspes and Arabis, Ors. 1, 1; Bos. 16, 34. L
t streámas weallan, eá in fléde let streams well out, a river in flood, Andr. Kmbl. 3006; An. 1506. Ðás synd ða feówer eán of ánum wyllspringe these are the four streams from one well-spring, Ælfc. T. 25, 19. He hí upforlét on feówer hund eá and on syxtig he divided it into four hundred and sixty streams. Ors. 2, 4; Bos. 44, 9. Betweox ðám twám eáum between the two rivers, Ors. 5, 2 ; Bos. 102, 34. Ofer ðám eám super flum
na, Ps. Th. 23, 2. Betweoh ð
m twám eán between the two rivers, Ors. 1, 1; Bos. 16, 28. On feówer eán into four streams, Gen. 2, 10. [Laym, æ, f: Orm. æ: O. Sax. aha, f: O. Frs. a, e f: Ger. aa, f. name of rivers or brooks; -ach suffix of river-names: M. H. Ger. ahe, f: O. H. Ger. aha, f: Goth. ahwa, f; Dan. aa, m. f: Swed. å. f; Icel. á, f: Lat. aqua.] v.
g-, ég-, éh-, íg-.
Source: Bosworth/Toller, page b0242, entry 8
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efne [ = efen]; adv. Even, exactly, precisely, just, alike, likewise, just now; pl
ne, æque, omn
no, m
d
, jam pr
dem :-- He wintra hæfde efne hund-seofontig
r him sunu wóce he had just seventy winters ere a son was born to him, Cd. 57; Th. 70, 24; Gen. 1158. We ðé willaþ ferigan efne to ðam lande we will convey thee even to the land [to the very land; in eandem terram], Andr. Kmbl. 587; An. 294: Bt. Met. Fox 8, 95; Met. 8, 48. On witte weallende byrnþ efne sió gitsung even the covetousness [i. e. the just-mentioned covetousness] burns raging in his mind, 8, 91; Met. 8, 46. Gif ic on helle gedó hwyrft
nigne, ðú me æt-byst efne rihte si descend
ro in infernum, p
r
ter ades, Ps. Th. 138, 6. He hæfde eorþan and up-ródor efne ged
led he had divided the earth and firmament alike, Cd. 146; Th. 182, 16; Exod. 76. [v. efn-ged
lan.] Ic
ðíne efnast healde I keep thy law most exactly, Ps. Th. 118, 77. Efne swá even so, even as :-- And efne swá he ðec gemétte meahtum gehrodene and even so he found thee adorned with virtues, Exon. 12 b; Th. 21, 5; Cri. 330. Deór efne swá some æfter ðære stefne on ðone stenc faraþ just so goes the beast after the voice in that odour, 96 a; Th. 358, 30; Pa. 53. Lixte se leóma efne swá of heofene scíneþ ródores candel the beam shone even as from heaven shines the candle of the firmament, Beo. Th. 3146; B. 1571. He Hengestes heáp hringum þénede efne swá swíðe swá he Fresena cyn byldan wolde he should serve Hengest's band with rings even as abundantly as he would encourage the Frisian race, Beo. Th. 2188; B. 1092. He efne swá swíðe hí lufode, ðæt ... he loved her even so greatly, that ... [adeo ut], Bt. Met. Fox 26, 129; Met. 26, 65. v. efen; adv.
Source: Bosworth/Toller, page b0248, entry 1
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Persian ell, or cubit, is very nearly 20-1/2 inches; for Herodotus says that the GREEK, bk. i. § 178, is 3 GREEK longer than the common Grk. GREEK = cubit or ell: 24 GREEK, i. e. 24 + 3 = 27 GREEK; 27 × 3/4 of an inch and 1/12 of an 8th, GREEK a finger's breadth = about 75/100 of an inch, that is 3/4 of an inch and 1/12 of an 8th = 3/4 + 1/96 = 72/96 + 1/96 = .76] .76 = 20-50/100 [ = 20-1/2 inches, and 2/100 or 1/50 of an inch] :-- Se weall Babilónes is fíftig elna brád, and twá hund elna heáh ... and ymbútan ðone weall is se m
sta díc ... and wiðútan ðani díce is geworht twegra elna heáh weall the wall of Babylon is fifty ells broad, and two hundred ells high ... and round the wall is a very great dike ... and outside the dike a wall is built two ells high, Ors. 2, 4; Bos. 44, 23-28. III. the ell in A. Sax. was sometimes about 24 inches, or 2 feet :-- Se hwæl biþ micle læssa ðonne óðre hwalas: ne biþ he lengra ðonne syfan elna lang; ac, on his ágnum lande, ða beóþ eahta and feówertiges elna lange, and ða m
stan, fíftiges elna lange; ðara, he s
de, ðæt he syxa sum ofslóge syxtig on twám dagum this whale is much less than other whales: it is not longer than seven ells; but, in his own country [Norway], they are eight and forty ells long, and the largest, fifty ells long; of these, he said, that he was one of six, who killed sixty in two days. Ors. 1, 1; Bos. 20, 18-23. In giving the size of the Horse-whale or Walrus, and of the Whale, Ohthere, a Norwegian, would most probably calculate by the measure of Scandinavia, the ell of Norway, Sweden, and Denmark. Molbeck, in his Dansk Ordbog, thus defines it :-- 'Alen, et vist længdemaal, som deles i 24 tommer ... Tomme een 12te fod, og een 24de alen,' ... That is, Ell, a certain measure of length, which is divided into 24 inches ... An inch one 12th of a foot, and one 24th of an ell. King Alfred, in his Anglo-Saxon version of Orosius, followed the calculation of Ohthere, who says that the Horse-whale or Walrus is 7 ells long, that is 14 feet, and the Whales 48 ells, and the largest 50, that is 96 feet, and the largest 100 feet long. These calculations approach very nearly to those given by Mr. Broderip, who says the length of the Walrus is from 10 to 15 feet, and Dr. Scoresby, who gives the lengen of the Physalus to be about 100 feet, Ors. Eng. p. 43, note 45. 2. ells of different lengths were used in Anglo-Saxon times; and, even in the present day, 3 sorts of ells are known in England :-- The Flemish ell is 3 quarters of a yard or 27 inches; the English 5 quarters or 45 inches; and the French 6 quarters or 54 inches. [Early English, Wrt. spec. 35, án elne long: R. Glouc. 429, 3, elnen, pl: Plat. eel, f: Frs. jelne; O. Frs. ielne, elne, f: Dut. el, elle, f: Ger. elle, f: M. H. Ger. elne, eln, elline, ellen, f: O. H. Ger. elina, elna, elle, f: Goth. aleina, f: Dan. alen, f: Swed. aln, f: Icel. alin, f: Lat. ulna. f: Grk. GREEK, f. Eln the ell is found in A. Sax. eln-boga, el-boga the elbow: Dut. elle-boog: Ger. ellen-boge.] Ell is an old Teutonic word being used in the oldest German, the Gothic translation of Ulphilas about A. D. 360: in Anglo-Saxon about 895. The date of its use in other parts of Europe may be ascertained by referring to the languages quoted above, and in the list of contractions where the names and dates of the authors are given.
Source: Bosworth/Toller, page b0249, entry 35
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em-líce; adv. Even-like, evenly, equally, patiently; æqu
l
ter, æquan
m
ter :-- Hú emlíce hit gelamp how evenly it happened! Ors. 2, 1; Bos. 39, 25: 3, 6; Bos. 57, 41. He ðone eard ealne emlíce d
lde betwux twelf mægþum he divided all the country equally among the twelve tribes, Homl. Th. ii. 214, 12: Boutr. Scrd. 29, ll; Lchdm. iii. 266, 22. He forbær Godes swingele swíðe emlíce he bare God's scourging very patiently. Homl. Th. ii. 98, 12. v. efen-líce.
Source: Bosworth/Toller, page b0249, entry 41
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emne; comp. emnor, emnar; adv. Equally, even, exactly, precisely, just; æqu
l
ter, æque, omn
no :-- Sió sunne and se móna habbaþ tod
led betwuht him ðone dæg and ða niht swíðe emne the sun and the moon have divided the day and the night very equally between them, Bt. 39, 13; Fox 234, 6: Bt. Met. Fox 29, 72; Met. 29, 35: Ps. Th. 9, 8. Crist hiene selfne ge-eáþmédde emne óþ ðone deáþ Christ humbled himself even unto death. Past. 41, 1; Hat. MS. 56 a, 22: 50; Hat. MS: Cd. 92; Th. 116, 28; Gen. 1943: Bt. Met. Fox 9, 76; Met. 9, 38: 13, 89; Met. 13, 45: Andr. Kmbl. 227; An. 114: 441; An. 221: 665; An. 333. Ne wéne ic ðæt
nige twegen látteówas emnar gefuhton I do not think that any two leaders fought more equally. Ors. 3, 1; Bos. 53, 32. v. efne.
Source: Bosworth/Toller, page b0250, entry 34
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ende-byrdes; adv. Orderly, for order; per ordinem, ord
n
tim :-- Ðe him ródera Weard endebyrdes gesette which the Guardian of the skies has orderly appointed for them, Bt. Met. Fox 11, 41; Met. 11, 21. Ðú ðysne middangeard tod
ldest swá hit get
sost wæs endebyrdes thou hast divided this middle earth as it was most suitable for order, 20, 23; Met. 20, 12.
Source: Bosworth/Toller, page b0268, entry 27
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FÆÐM, es; m: also in prose fæðm, e; f. I. the embracing arms; brachia amplexa, circumd
ta :-- Hí fæðmum clyppaþ they will clasp them in their arms, Exon. 107 a; Th. 409, 8; Rä. 27, 25. He wæs upphafen engla fæðmum he was upraised in the arms of angels, Exon. 17 a; Th. 41, 6; Cri. 651. Wæs Gúþláces g
st gel
ded engla fæðmum the spirit of Guthlac was led in the arms of angels, Exon, 44 a; Th. 148, 33; Gú. 754. Ðá hét lífes brytta englas síne fæðmum ferigean leófne then the giver of life commanded his angels to bear the dear one in their arms, Andr. Kmbl. 1647; An. 825. II. what embraces or contains,-A lap, bosom, breast; quicquid complect
tur vel comprehendit al
quid, s
nus, gr
mium, interna, pectus :-- Me on fæðme sticaþ places me in the bosom, Exon. 103 b; Th. 394, 1; Rä. 13, 11. On fæder fæðme in the bosom of the father, Menol. Fox 583; Gn. C. 61. He l
deþ in his ánes fæðm ealle gesceafta he leadeth into the bosom of himself alone all creatures, Exon. 93 a; Th. 349, 34; Sch. 56. Deáþ in eorþan fæðm sendaþ l
ne líchoman death sends frail bodies into earth's bosom, Exon. 62 b; Th. 231, 11; Ph. 487. Heó losaþ ne on foldan fæðm she shall not escape into earth's bosom, Beo. Th. 2790; B. 1393. To Fæder fæðmum in his Father's bosom, Beo. Th. 378; B. 188. Uppastód of brimes bósme on bátes fæðm egesa ofer ýþlid terror uprose front the bosom of the sea on the lap of the boat over our wave-ship, Andr. Kmbl. 888; An. 444. Ðara ðe lífes gást fæðmum þeahte of those who covered in their breasts the spirit of life, Cd. 64; Th. 77, 28; Gen. 1282. In fæðm fýres into the bosom of the fire, Cd. 184; Th. 230, 16; Dan. 234, Astág mægna gold-hord in f
mnan fæðm the treasury of might [Christ] descended into a virgin's womb, Exon. 19 b; Th. 49, 19; Cri. 788. III. that part of the arm on which one leans, hence-A cubit, the length from the elbow to the wrist, said to be estimated at one foot six inches or 18 inches; c
b
tus. v. eln :-- Fæðm betwux elbogan and handwyrste a cubit is betwixt the elbow and wrist, Ælfc. Gl. 72; Som. 70, 126; Wrt. Voc. 43, 51. Þreó hund fæðma biþ se arc on lenge tr
cent
rum c
b
t
rum
rit long
t
do arcæ, Gen. 6, 15. And ðú getíhst his heáhnisse togædere on ufeweardum to ánre fæðme et in c
b
to consumm
bis summ
t
tem ejus, Gen. 6, 16. IV. both the arms extended, now a FATHOM = six feet; sp
tium utriusque brachii extensi
ne contentum, Cot. 162? Lye. V. the arms extended for embracing or protecting,-An embrace, protection; amplexus, complexus, protectio :-- Wæs wíf Abrahames l
ded on fremdes fæðm the wife of Abraham was led to the embrace of a stranger, Cd. 124; Th. 159, 7; Gen. 2631. Sceolde monig ides bifiende gán on fremdes fæðm many a damsel trembling must go into the embrace of a stranger, Cd. 92; Th. 118, 26; Gen. 1971. Þurh flódes fæðm through the embrace of the flood, Andr. Kmbl. 3230; An. 1618. Hæfde wederwolcen wídum fæðmum eorþan and upródor ged
led the storm-cloud had divided with wide embraces the earth and firmament above, Cd. 146; Th. 182, 14; Exod. 75. Hwá mec bregde of brimes fæðmum who drew me from the embrace of ocean? Exon. 101 a; Th. 382, 19; Rä. 3, 13. VI. in the hands or power of-Grasp, power; p
testas, d
tio :-- Gehwearf ðá in Francna fæðm feorh cyninges the life of the king then departed into the power [grasp] of the Franks, Beo. Th. 2424; B. 1210. Gé of feónda fæðme weorþen ye escape from the power of enemies, Cd. 158; Th. 196, 20; Exod. 294. Ðe ic alýsde feóndum of fæðme which I released from the power of foes, Exon. 29 b; Th. 91, 2; Cri. 1486. VII. what is extended,-An expanse, abyss, deep; expansum, tractus, superf
cies, abyssus, profundum :-- Siððan leóhtes weard ofer ealne foldan fæðm fýr onsendeþ after that the guardian of light shall send fire over all the expanse of earth, Exon. 116 b; Th. 448, 14; Dóm. 54. Bodiaþ beorhtne geleáfan ofer foldan fæðm preach the bright faith throughout the expanse of the earth, Andr. Kmbl. 671; An. 336. Se bráda s
bræc on eorþan fæðm the broad sea broke on to the tract of earth, Exon. 24 b; Th. 70, 32; Cri. 1147. Swá hie wið eorþan fæðm þúsend wintra ð
r eardodon as if they had rested there on the plain of earth a thousand winters, Beo. Th. 6091; B. 3049. Hie on flódes fæðm ceólum lácaþ they sail in ships on the expanse of the food, Andr. Kmbl. 503; An. 252. [Chauc. fadmen, pl. fathoms: Laym. ueðme fathom: Plat. fadem, faem a thread, cubit: O. Sax. faðmós, pl. m. the hands and arms: Dut. vadem, vaam, f. a fathom: Kil. vadem f
lum quod intra m
nus extensas cont
n
tur, mens
ra m
nuum expens
rum, ulna, passus: Ger. faden, fadem, m. a thread, cubit: M. H. Ger. vadem, vaden, m: O. H. Ger. fadam, fadum, m. n. f
lum: Dan. favn, m. f: Swed. famn, m: Icel. faðmr, m. a fathom.] DER. heoru-fæðm, lagu-, wæl-.
Source: Bosworth/Toller, page b0287, entry 34
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finta, an; m. I. a tail; cauda :-- Ðonne is se finta fægre ged
led then is the tail [of the phoenix] beautifully divided, Exon. 60a; Th. 218, 15; Ph. 295. II. what follows, a sequel, the consequence
Source: Bosworth/Toller, page b0296, entry 33
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FOLC, es; n. [Folc being a neuter noun, and a monosyllable, has the nom. and acc. pl. the same as the nom. and acc. sing: it is a collective noun in English, and has not the plural form folks but by a modern corruption] The FOLK, people, common people, multitude, a people, tribe, family; p
p
lus, gens, n
tio, vulgus, plebs, c
ves, h
m
nes, exerc
tus, mult
t
do :-- Twá folc beóþ tod
led, and ðæt folc oferswíþ ðæt óðer folc two nations shall be divided, and the one folk shall overcome the other folk, Gen. 25, 23. Ðæt folc wæs Zachariam geanbídigende
rat plebs expectans Zach
riam, Lk. Bos. 1, 21. Micel folc mid hym cum eo turbo multa, Mt. Bos. 26, 47. Hie awerede ðæt folc the people defended it, Chr. 921; Erl. 106, 10, 33. Gif folces man syngaþ if a man of the people sin, Lev. 4, 27. Ðæs folces hlísa the people's praise, Bt. 30, 1; Fox 108, 16. He slóh folces Denigea fýftyne men he slew of the Danes' folk fifteen men, Beo. Th. 3168; B. 1582. Folces hyrde the people's shepherd, Beo. Th. 1224; B. 610: 3668; B. 1832: 5282; B. 2644. Eallum folce to friþe to the peace of all the people, L. Edg. S. 15; Th. i. 278, 7. Eádmund cyning cýþ eallum folce Edmund king makes known to all people, L. Edm. S; Th. i. 246, 17. Se ðe sý folce ungetrýwe he who may be untrue to the people, L. C. S. 25; Th. i. 390, 17. Man swencte ðæt earme folc one harassed the poor people, Chr. 999; Erl. 135, 32. Se eorl earfoþlíce gestylde ðæt folc the earl hardly stilled the people, Chr. 1052; Erl. 187, 4, 3. Þurh úre folc throughout our folk, L. In. prm; Th. i. 102, 9. Beó se þeóf útlah wið eall folc let the thief be an outlaw to all people, L. C. S. 30; Th. i. 394, 24. He gesóhte Súþ-Dena folc he sought the people of the South-Danes, Beo. Th. 931; B. 463: 1049; B. 522: 1390; B. 693: 2362; B. 1179. Folce gestépte sunu Óhtheres with people he supported Ohthere's son, Beo. Th. 4776; B. 2393. Ða folc f
hþe towehton the people excited enmity, 5888; B. 2948: 2849; B. 1422. Freáwine folca friend of peoples, 864; B. 430: 4038; B. 2017: 4849; B. 2429. Folcum gefr
ge famed among nations, 109; B. 55: 530; B. 262: 3715; B. 1855. Mec wolcna strengu ofer folc byreþ the clouds' strength bears me over people, Exon. 103a; Th. 390, 5; Rä. 8, 6. Folgad folcum followed by peoples, Cd. 226; Th. 300, 4; Sat. 559. [Laym. folc, uolc: Orm. follc: O. Sax. folk, folc, n: Frs. folck: O. Frs. folk, n: Dut. Ger. volk, n: M. H. Ger. volc, m: O. H. Ger. folc, folch, folk, n; Dan. Swed. folk, n: Icel. fólk, n.] DER. dryht-folc, here-, mægen-, sige-, súþ-, wíd-.
Source: Bosworth/Toller, page b0318, entry 31
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fór-sprecen; part. Fore-spoken, fore-mentioned; præf
tus :-- Tod
lde se fórsprecena here on twá the fore-mentioned army divided into two, Chr. 885; Erl. 83, 22. v. fóre-sprecen.
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