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Source: Bosworth/Toller, page b0822, entry 4
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sceaft-lóha, an; m. (or -e; f.?) The strap attached to the shaft of a missile:--Scaeptlóan hastilia telorum, Txts. 66, 489. Sceptlóum amentis, 42, 106. v. lóh-sceaft, mæst-lón, sceaft-tog.


Source: Bosworth/Toller, page b0822, entry 6
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sceaft-tog (?) the strap attached to the shaft of a missile:--Sceptog ammentum, Wrt. Voc. ii. 100, 11. v. sceaft-lóha.


Source: Bosworth/Toller, page b1044, entry 4
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þegen-lagu, e; f. Thane-law, the legal rights and privileges which attached to the rank of thane :-- Se (the priest) ðe ðæs (concubinage) geswícan wille and clnnesse healdan, hæbbe Godes miltse, and woruldwurðscipe þegenlage wyrðe as regards worldly dignity let him rank as a thane, L. C. E. 6; Th. i. 364, 16: Wulfst. 270, 32. v. þegen-riht.


Source: Bosworth/Toller, page b1045, entry 2
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þegen-riht, es; n. Thane-right, the legal rights and privileges which attached to the rank of thane (e. g. Mæssepreóstes áð and woruldþegenes is on Engla lage efendýre ... Twelfhyndes mannes (a thane's) áð forstent .vi. ceorla áð, L. O. 12, 13; Th. i. 182, 14-19) :-- Se mæssepreóst biþ þegenrihtes wyrðe, L. O. 12; Th. i. 182, 17: L. Eth. v. 21; Th. i. 306, 21: vi. 5; Th. i. 316, 14. Gif ceorl geþeáh ðæt hæfde fullíce fíf hída ágenes landes ... and sundernote on cynges healle, ðonne wæs ðononforð þegenrihtes weorðe, L. R. 2; Th. i. 190, 18. Gif massere geþeáh ðæt férde þrige ofer wíds, se wæs þegenrihtes weorðe, 6; Th. i. 192, 10. v. þegen-lagu, -wer.


Source: Bosworth/Toller, page d0108, entry 14
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brycg. Add :-- Brygc pons, Wrt. Voc. i. 80, 50. Brícg, 54, 11. Hét Maxentius oferbricgian ðá mid scipum, and syððan ðylian swá swá óðre bricge . . . ne gemunde ðre leásan bricge þe álecgan hét, Homl. Th. ii. 304, 21-27. Þre bricce geweorc, C. D. B. iii. 659, 2. Of ðre brigce, C. D. iii. 259, 32. Æt þre brycge (brycg, v. l.), Ors. 6, 30 ; S. 282, 26. Bricge gesihð carleáste getácnað, Lch. iii. 210, 5. Ceastre and strta and brycge (-a, v. l.) geworhte wron, Bd. 1. 11; Sch. 31, 1. of the importance attached to bridges in early England the following passages speak :-- þe þára mihta hæbbe . . . gódige Godes cyrican, . . . and gódige folces fær mid bricgum ofer deópe wæteru and ofer fúle wegas, Ll. Th. ii. 282, 10. Wyrcan simle brycge and þá bétan. Ðeáh se man nime nne stán and lecge on fúl slóh, þæt se ælmesman mæge mid þám óðrum fét steppan on ðá clnan healfe, þæt him bið micel méd for Gode, Wlfst. 239, 9. magon swýþe micele þearfe and ælmessan ús sylfum gedón, gif willað bricge macian and þá symle bótettan, 303, 8. v. þel-brycg.


Source: Bosworth/Toller, page d0200, entry 23
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fæst. Add: I. firmly fixed. (1) in a place (lit. or fig.) :-- Álýs of láme þe ls ic weorþe fæst (ut non inhaeream), Ps. Th. 68, 14. Ancor on eorþan fæst, Bt. 10; F. 30, 6. Biþ óþer ende fæst on þre nafe, óþer on ðre felge, 39, 7; F. 222, 3: Rä. 22, 13. Wudu wyrtum fæst the wood firm fixed by its roots, B. 1364. ILLEGIBLE Sió godcunde gesceádwísnes is fæst on þám heán Sceppende divina ratio in summo omnium principe constituta, Bt. 39, 5 ; F. 218, 27. Þá gód sindon fæste on þám héhstan góde; swá swá lces húses wáh biþ fæst gðer ge on ðre flóre ge on þm hrófe, swá biþ lc gód on Gode fæst, 36, 7 ; F. 184, 10-13. Timbrian hús on þám fæstan stáne, 12 ; F. 36, 22. (2) to or by something, firmly attached, closely bound, fixed to a spot: -- Wearð his óðer fót be his scó fæst on ánum hegesahle ejus pes per calceamentum in sude sepis inhaesit, Gr. D. 24, 28. Scip on ancre fæst, B. 303. Segl sále fæst, 1906. Foldærne fæst laid in the grave, Cri. 730: El. 723. wæs reste fæst he lay on his couch without stirring, Gen. 178. Se légdraca . . . glédum beswled . . . wæs deáðe fæst the firedrake . . . scorched by the flames . . . lay a captive to death, B. 3045. áslógan án geteld on westhealfe þre cyricean on þre cyricean fæst (ita ut ipsum tentorium parieti hereret ecclesiae), Bd. 3, 17; Sch. 268, 3. rom geseah brémbrum fæstne, Gen. 2928. Bendum fæstne, An. 184. Scip oncerbendum fæst, B. 1918. Ceólas bi staðe fæste, Wal. 18. Ceólas æt sfearoðe oncrum fæste, El. 252. (2 a) of a band, tie, &c., not easily loosed: -- Ðeáh seó leó fæste racentan hæbbe, Bt. 25; F. 88, 9. Þm fæstestum tenacissimis (vinculis), Wrt. Voc. ii. 86, 2. (2 b) of alliance, agreement, &c. :-- Ðá wiþerweardan gesceafta gþer ge hié betwux him winnað, ge eác fæste sibbe betwux him healdaþ, Bt. 21; F. 74, 14: Met. 11, 41. Þæt þú wið Wealdend heólde fæste treówe, Exod. 422. II. of persons or their attributes, constant, firm, steadfast :-- Mid fæstum sefan, Hy. 10, 40. Þone ic r on firenum fæstne talde, El. 909. Ic hæbbe fæstne geleáfan, Gen. 543. Freóndscipe fæstne, B. 2069. ús naman Drihtnes neóde habbað on fultume fæstne and strangne, Ps. Th. 123, 7. Ic þá leóde wát ge wið feónd ge wið freónd fæste geworhte, B. 1864. II a. of abstract things. (1) fixed, unchangeable : -- Náuht woruldríces fæstes and unhwearfiendes beón ne mæg, Bt. 8 ; F. 26, 11. sealde swíþe fæste gife and swíþe fæste , 41, 2 ; F. 246, 2. Æ-acute;nig ðing swá fæst getiohhod. . . hit nfre onwended weorþe, 41, 3; F. 250, 6. Niman fæstne eard to reside permanently, Ps. Th. 86, 3. Geheald míne fæste keep my law that changes not, 77, 1. (2) firm, secure :-- Fæst tuta, i. firma (prosperitas), An. Ox. 793. (3) stubborn, unyielding :-- Ic lcne wiccecræft eáðelíce oferswíðde. . . and ic nfre ne áfunde swá fæstne drýcræft, Hml. S. 35, 179. III. firm. (1) firmly joined together, strongly built or made :-- Bold eal inneweard írenbendum fæst, B. 998. Glóf. . . searobendum fæst, 2086. Fæstostan eardungstówe firmissimo habitaculo, Ps. L. fol. 189, 4. (2) solid, compact :-- Þ-bar; þæt hnesce and flówende wæter hæbbe flór on þre fæstan eorðan, Bt. 33, 4; F. 130, 4. (3) of a joint, strong, firm :-- Fæstes forti (compage), Wrt. Voc. ii. 85, 50: 93, 39: 37, 14. IV. of places that can resist attack, strong, fortified :-- Beorh . . . nearocræftum fæst, B. 2243. Fæst is þæt églond fenne biworpen, Rä. 1, 5. Ðá fæstan ceastre munitum castrum, Wrt. Voc. ii. 58, 38. Leoniða fór on ánum londfæstenne . . . Xersis hét fæste lond útan ymbfaran . . . Leoniþa his fierd geldde on án óþer fæstre land, Ors. 2, 5 ; S. 80, 14-29. Þá hié ongeátan þæt þæt festen sceolde ábrocen bión, sendon on óðer fæstre fæsten, 3, 11; S. 148, 23. Seó burg (Babylon) wæs ealra weorca fæstast, 2, 4 ; S. 74, 24 : 3, 7 ; S; 114, 11. IV a. of a chamber, closely shut up :-- Gefere þæne mannan on swíðe fæstne cleofan and wearmne, Lch. ii. 280, 11. IV b. of a vessel, that does not leak, water-tight :-- Fæstne kylle, Past. 469, 9. V. of sleep, rest, unbroken, undisturbed :-- Þú eart sió fæste ræst (cf. seó séfte ræst, Bt. 33, 4; F. 132, 34) eallra sóðfæstra tu requies tranquilla piis, Met. 20, 271. Bið se slp fæst, B. 1742. Þá Langbearde ealle wæ-acute;ron on


Source: Bosworth/Toller, page d0274, entry 13
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furþum. Take here furþan in Dict., and add: I. even, intimating that the sentence in which it occurs expresses an extreme case of a more general proposition implied, and generally prefixed to the particular word, phrase, or clause, on which the extreme character of the statement or supposition depends. (1) attached (a) to the subject:--Ge furðon þá sprcon þæt ylce þe ic betst trúwode, Ps. Th. 40, 9. Ge furþum seó stów þe . . . þú cwist þín wræcstów sý, heó is þám monnum éþel þe . . ., Bt. 11, 1; F. 32, 26. Ge furþum manna líchaman forealdiað, Solil. H. 10, 7. (a ) in negative sentences:--Ne wearð furðon án láfe non remansit ne una quidem, Ex. 10, 19. Þæt furðon nán tácen . . . næs gesewen, Hml. Th. i. 62, 16. án magon geféran beón, ac . . . heora furþum nán búton óþrum beón ne mæg, Bt. 21; F. 74, 18. And furþon litlincgas nellaþ forbígean me et nec parvuli nolunt praeterire me, Coll. M. 29, 1. Hit furðum cépemen ne gefaraþ, Bt. 18, 2; F. 62, 36. Ne án furðum ealra wre non est usque ad unum, Ps. Th. 52, 2, 4. Nnig forðum wæs þæt eft síðade hyhta leás, Gú. 895. (b) to the object:--Feáwa . . . cúðen . . . furðum án rendgewrit of Lædene on Englisc áreccean, Past. 3, 15. Þ-bar; furþum (-on, v. l.) eáland gesecean mihton si vel ipsam insulam repetere possemus, Bd. 5, 1; Sch. 552, 5. Bió ðé uníðe clipianne, ge furðum ðína ágna sprca loquere in causa tua vix, Past. 385, 11. hét ofsleán ealle þá witan, ge furþon his ágene móder, and his ágene bróðer; ge furðon his ágen wíf ofslóg mid sweorde, Bt. 16, 4; F. 58, 6-8. Ge furðum ðára scylda ðe openlíce beóð gesewena . . . hié beládian, Past. 241, 1. Hwár mæg ic wísran findan, oððe furðon þínne gelícan numquid sapientiorem et consimilem tui invenire potero?, Gen. 41, 39. (b ) the object a clause:--Ge furþon, wyrse wæs, geheórdon sum sunu ofslóg his fæder, Bt. 31, 1; F. 112, 14. (b ) in negative sentences:--Ne furþon án þyrl . . . þú ne miht dón nec saltem unum foramen . . . vales facere, Coll. M. 31, 17: 29, 13: Gen. 14, 23. Ic furðum ánne ánlépne ne mæg geðencean, Past. 3, 17. Ðá óðre ne begáð furðum hira gne endebyrdnesse, 409, 31: 403, 27: Bt. 15; F. 48, 16. furðon orsorh ne brícð his genihtsumnysse even his abundance he does not enjoy without anxiety, Hml. Th. i. 64, 34. Þæs þe ic furðum r fre ngum ne wolde monna melda weorðan, Gú. 1201. (c) to a word, phrase or clause expressing time, manner, place, &c.:--Þæt ic lufige ge furðum on þeófum (þeawum, MS.) quas amo etiam in latronibus, Solil. H. 16, 14. (c ) in negative sentences:--Hé furðum on ðám broce (etiam in tribulatione positus) nyle áltan his geornfulnesse, Past. 269, 10. Suá unryht suá furðum betwuxn hæðnum monnum ne hiérdon, 211, 8. Ne lufige ic nánwiht . . . ofer þæt, ne furðum þám gelíce, Solil. H. 25, 18. (d) to a hypothetical clause:--Gif ic nig unriht wið gedón hæbbe, oððe furðum him gulde yfel wið yfle, Ps. Th. 7, 4. Hwæþer hit furþon sóð oððe hwæðer on swefne mte, Hml. S. 23, 522. (e) to the predicate to emphasize the full extent of the statement:--Wé nyton furðon git hwæt seó offrung beón sceal praesertim cum ignoremus quid debeat immolari, Ex. 10, 26: Solil. H. 15, 17. his furðum ne gefrédað, Past. 139, 20: 241, 22. nóhwæðer ne hit witan nyllað, ne hit bétan nyllað, ne furðum ne récað hwæðer hit ongieten, 195, 6: Wrt. Voc. i. 86, 74: Solil. H. 66, 14: Met. 8, 32. þæt tówearde líf ne sóhton, ne furþum gelýfdon hit ó wre uitam futuram non quaereates, siue etiam non esse credentes, Bd. 3, 30; Sch. 331, 13. And furðon ne gelýfdon Drihtne et nec sic quidem credidistis Domino, Deut. 1, 32. nron furðan wyrðe . . ., Hml. S. 23, 367: Ælfc. Gen. Thw.


Source: Bosworth/Toller, page d0378, entry 6
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ge-neán. Substitute: To get near, (i) to approach :-- Swipu ne geneál ne geneáhaþ (appropinquabit) þínum getelde. Ps. L. 90, lo. (2) to be attached to, fixed to. Cf. ge-neálcan ; IV b :-- Ðá sóðfæstnesse ðínes trumlícor gineá ðú dóst láre eos veritatis tuae firmius inherere facias documento, Rtl. 34, 28. [O. H. Ger. ge-náhén sih to approach.] v. ge-néhwian.


Source: Bosworth/Toller, page d0508, entry 36
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hangian. Add: I. of the position taken by a body under the action of gravity when supported only from above :-- Ic (a horn) hongige wlitig on wáge, Rä. 15, 11. Him ne hangað nacod sweord ofer þám heáfde be smalan þrde, Bt. 29, 1; F. 102, 27. Hangaþ þr leóhtfæt, Bl. H. 227, 28. Wearþ gefæstnod be þre swíþran handa þre bre hangode eorþan (he hung by his right hand without being able to reach the ground with his feet), 151, 19. Wron wit twégen on ánum olfende, and wit unc simble ondréden hwonne wit sceoldon feallan of þám olfende, and miccle wit hangodan be þám olfende þonne wit þron ston, Shrn. 38, 17. On ðm clife hangodon on ðm ísgean bearwum manige sáula be heora handum gebundne . . . and þonne ðá twigo forburston þonne gewitan þá sáula niþer þá þe on ðm twigum hangodan, Bl. H. 209, 34-211, 4. On ðæs sácerdes hrægle scolde hangigan bellan, Past. 95, 3. On þre-sculon hangian ðá feówer hringas, 171, 3. Ic on wáge geseah wlitig hangian eald sweord, B. 1662. I a. of persons, to be suspended on a gallows or cross : -- His sunu hangað hrefne hróðre, B. 2447. For hwon áhénge þú hefgor on þínra honda róde þonne hongade?, Cri. 1489: 1457. Wearh sceal hangian, fægere ongildan r fácen dyde manna cynne, Gn. C. 55. Hongende crucifixum, Lk. p. 11, 8. II. to be attached, hold fast :-- þá spácan sticaþ, óþer ende on þre felge . . . Ðá felga hangiaþ on þám spácan, ðeáh eallunga wealowigen on þre eorðan . . . þá felga ne magon bión on þám færelde, gif ne bióþ fæste on þám spácum, Bt. 39, 7; F. 222, 7-20. III. to remain suspended without visible support, float in the air: -- Gif him fore wolcen hangað, Met. 5, 4. Tódríf þone mist ðe hangaþ beforan úres módes eágum, Bt. 33, 4; F. 132, 32. Hangode, Met. 20, 266. IV. to have the top bending beyond the lower part, to lean over: -- Ofer þm mere hongiað bearwas, wudu wæter oferhelmað, B. 1363. V. to hang on, cling to, be unwilling to abandon :-- Hangaþ úre mód ealne weg on þm þe æfter spyriaþ, Bt. 35, 5; F. 166, 14. Ne þurfon hongian on ðám anwealde, ne him æfter þringan; gif wíse bíþ wile folgian eów þeáh his ne wilnian, 16, 1; F. 50, 29. VI. to rest for authority on, depend on :-- In ðissum twm bebodum ealle ae hongað (stondes honges, L.) and witga in his duobus mandatis universa lex pendet et prophetae. Mt. R. 22, 40. v. á-, ge-hangian.


Source: Bosworth/Toller, page d0522, entry 12
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heals-fang. Substitute: A legal payment of varying amount according to the status of a person, to be paid by him as a due or fine, or to be received by him or on his account for injury done to kim, (1) to be paid as a due :-- Medemra þegna heregeata : hors and his gerda and his wpn oððe (in L. H., et suum hal[s]fang, 559, 7) his healsfang (halsfangc, v. l.) on Wessexan, Ll. Lbmn. 358, 14. (2) to be paid as a penalty :-- Gif for godbótan feohbót áríseð, swá swá wise woroldwitan steóre gesettan, gebyreð . . . for woroldsteóran godcundan neódan, hwílum be wíte, hwílum be wergylde, hwílum be halsfange. Ll. Lbmn. 258, § 51. (a) where it is the heals-fang of the payer :-- Gif fríman an ðane forbodenan tíman [wyrce], sió healsfange scyldig . . . Gif ceorl búton wífes wísdóme deóflum gelde, sié ealra his htan scyldig and healsfange. Gif bútwú deóflum geldaþ, sión hió healsfange scyldigo and ealra htan . . . Gif mon his heówum in fæsten flsc gefe, frigne ge þeówne halsfange álýse. Ll. Lbmn. 13, 11-21. Gyf freóman freólsdæge wyrce, þonne gebéte mid his halsfange (decem solidos persoluat, Inst. Cnut. ), 342, 26. Gyf hláford his þeówan freólsdæge nýde weorce . . . gylde lahslit se hláford mid Denum, wíte mid Englum (dominus det halsfang, Inst. Cnut. ), 345, 1. Gyf hwá on leásre gewitnesse openlíce stande . . . gylde þám cingce oððe landrícan be healsfange (persoluat regi aut domino terre x solidos, quod Dam uocant halsfang, Inst. Cnut. ), 338, 24. Reddat regi . . . helsfang, 557, 10. (b) where it is the healsfang of the injured person :-- Gif man æt unlagum man bewpnige, forgilde hine be halsfange (x sol. ei emendet, Inst. Cnut.; halsfangium eius emendet, 606, 12); gif hine man gebinde, forgilde be healfan were, 350, 15. ¶It formed the first part of the compensation (wer) paid to the friends of a slain person, and it is in this connection that most detail is given, the amount, time of payment, and recipients of the healsfang being stated :-- Twelfhyndes mannes wer is twelf hund scyllinga . . . Gif man ofslægen weorðe, gylde hine man swá geboren sý. And riht is ðæt se slaga . . . finde wærborh . . . þonne þæt gedón sý, ðonne rre man cyninges munde . . . Of ðm dæge on .xxi. nihtan gylde man LXX. sc UNCERTAIN , healsfange æt twelfhyndum were. Healsfang gebyreð bearnum, bróðrum and fæderan; ne gebyreð nánum mge ðæt feoh búte ðám ðe binnan cneówe. Of ðám dæge ðe ðæt healsfang ágolden on .xxi. nihtan gylde man ðá manbóte . . . 392, 3-23: 190, 10. Further details concerning the healsfang in the case of the ceorl may be gained from the laws of Henry I. which show that the healsfang was part of the wer :-- In omni weregildo debet halsfang primo reddi, sicut were modus erit . . . Qui natus sit ad iiii. libras [= twihindus homo] . . . halsfang eius sunt v mar, que faciunt xii. sol, et vi. den. Si quis ad iiii. UNCERTAIN libras persoluendus occidatur, et ad id res ueniat, ut precio natalis eius componendus sit, primo debent reddi xii. sol. et vi. den. et in wera numerari. Reddantur uero patri uel filio uel fratri . . . et ipsi diuidant inter se. A die qua wera uadiata est in xxi diem debet halsfang reddi, et hoc indiuisum habeant a ceteris . . . reddatur vii sol. et vi dn. UNCERTAIN ad expletionem xx sol. (i. e. the healsfang ( = 12s. 6d. ) + 7s. 6d. made the first pound) [Then three successive pounds were to be paid, making four pounds in all, the amount of the slain man's wer], 581, 8-582, 17. According to the laws of William I the widow of a slain man shared (or received) the healsfang, 498, 499, § 9. [Heals-fang means literally the seizing by the neck or throat (collicipium is the rendering of the word in the old Latin version of Cnut's Laws, Ll. Lbmn. 339, 24: 343, 25). Cf. the passage in Beowulf, where in the description of such an action heals and fón are used: Fýrdraca . . . rsde on þone rófan, . . . heals ealne ymbeféng biteran bánum, 2691. Its formation may be compared with that of feax-fang (an action to which the law attached a penalty), a word which with the similar berd-fang is found in the Frisian laws. In these laws, too, is mentioned the offence of seizing by the hals (Huaso orem grypt oen syn hals, dat di adema hor ut ner in mey), to which the term heals-fang might very well have been applied in Old English. As in the Old English legal phraseology the word which denotes an offence denotes also the fine which is to be paid for that offence, healsfang in the first instance might have denoted the action, then the fine paid for the assault, and then, like wergild, have come to be regarded as a standard for fines in the case of other offences (cf. first passage under (2) above :-- Hwílum be wergylde, hwílum be halsfange). And it may be noted that in two of the instances where a fine is determined by healsfang the offences involve violence, unlawful disarming, and manslaughter. Halsfang occurs in Frisian law, but its meaning is not defined. Richthofen explains it as a 'Menschen- oder Mädchen-raub'. The word occurs in Icelandic, as well as a verb háls-fengja, meaning respectively an embrace and to embrace.]



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