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Source: Bosworth/Toller, page b0822, entry 4
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sceaft-lóha, an; m. (or -e; f.?) The strap attached to the shaft of a missile:--Scaeptlóan hastilia telorum, Txts. 66, 489. Sceptlóum amentis, 42, 106. v. lóh-sceaft, mæst-lón, sceaft-tog.
Source: Bosworth/Toller, page b0822, entry 6
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sceaft-tog (?) the strap attached to the shaft of a missile:--Sceptog ammentum, Wrt. Voc. ii. 100, 11. v. sceaft-lóha.
Source: Bosworth/Toller, page b1044, entry 4
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þegen-lagu, e; f. Thane-law, the legal rights and privileges which attached to the rank of thane :-- Se (the priest) ðe ðæs (concubinage) geswícan wille and cl
nnesse healdan, hæbbe hé Godes miltse, and tó woruldwurðscipe sí hé þegenlage wyrðe as regards worldly dignity let him rank as a thane, L. C. E. 6; Th. i. 364, 16: Wulfst. 270, 32. v. þegen-riht.
Source: Bosworth/Toller, page b1045, entry 2
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þegen-riht, es; n. Thane-right, the legal rights and privileges which attached to the rank of thane (e. g. Mæssepreóstes áð and woruldþegenes is on Engla lage efendýre ... Twelfhyndes mannes (a thane's) áð forstent .vi. ceorla áð, L. O. 12, 13; Th. i. 182, 14-19) :-- Se mæssepreóst biþ þegenrihtes wyrðe, L. O. 12; Th. i. 182, 17: L. Eth. v. 21; Th. i. 306, 21: vi. 5; Th. i. 316, 14. Gif ceorl geþeáh ðæt hé hæfde fullíce fíf hída ágenes landes ... and sundernote on cynges healle, ðonne wæs hé ðononforð þegenrihtes weorðe, L. R. 2; Th. i. 190, 18. Gif massere geþeáh ðæt hé férde þrige ofer wíds
, se wæs þegenrihtes weorðe, 6; Th. i. 192, 10. v. þegen-lagu, -wer.
Source: Bosworth/Toller, page d0108, entry 14
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brycg. Add :-- Brygc pons, Wrt. Voc. i. 80, 50. Brícg, 54, 11. Hét Maxentius oferbricgian ðá eá mid scipum, and syððan ðylian swá swá óðre bricge . . . hé ne gemunde ð
re leásan bricge þe hé álecgan hét, Homl. Th. ii. 304, 21-27. Þ
re bricce geweorc, C. D. B. iii. 659, 2. Of ð
re brigce, C. D. iii. 259, 32. Æt þ
re brycge (brycg, v. l.), Ors. 6, 30 ; S. 282, 26. Bricge gesihð carleáste getácnað, Lch. iii. 210, 5. Ceastre and str
ta and brycge (-a, v. l.) geworhte w
ron, Bd. 1. 11; Sch. 31, 1. ¶ of the importance attached to bridges in early England the following passages speak :-- Sé þe þára mihta hæbbe . . . gódige Godes cyrican, . . . and gódige folces fær mid bricgum ofer deópe wæteru and ofer fúle wegas, Ll. Th. ii. 282, 10. Wyrcan wé simle brycge and þá bétan. Ðeáh se man nime
nne stán and lecge on fúl slóh, þæt se ælmesman mæge mid þám óðrum fét steppan on ðá cl
nan healfe, þæt him bið micel méd for Gode, Wlfst. 239, 9. Wé magon swýþe micele þearfe and ælmessan ús sylfum gedón, gif wé willað bricge macian and þá symle bótettan, 303, 8. v. þel-brycg.
Source: Bosworth/Toller, page d0200, entry 23
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fæst. Add: I. firmly fixed. (1) in a place (lit. or fig.) :-- Álýs mé of láme þe l
s ic weorþe fæst (ut non inhaeream), Ps. Th. 68, 14. Ancor on eorþan fæst, Bt. 10; F. 30, 6. Biþ óþer ende fæst on þ
re nafe, óþer on ð
re felge, 39, 7; F. 222, 3: Rä. 22, 13. Wudu wyrtum fæst the wood firm fixed by its roots, B. 1364. ILLEGIBLE Sió godcunde gesceádwísnes is fæst on þám heán Sceppende divina ratio in summo omnium principe constituta, Bt. 39, 5 ; F. 218, 27. Þá gód sindon fæste on þám héhstan góde; swá swá
lces húses wáh biþ fæst
gðer ge on ð
re flóre ge on þ
m hrófe, swá biþ
lc gód on Gode fæst, 36, 7 ; F. 184, 10-13. Timbrian hús on þám fæstan stáne, 12 ; F. 36, 22. (2) to or by something, firmly attached, closely bound, fixed to a spot: -- Wearð his óðer fót be his scó fæst on ánum hegesahle ejus pes per calceamentum in sude sepis inhaesit, Gr. D. 24, 28. Scip on ancre fæst, B. 303. Segl sále fæst, 1906. Foldærne fæst laid in the grave, Cri. 730: El. 723. Hé wæs reste fæst he lay on his couch without stirring, Gen. 178. Se légdraca . . . glédum besw
led . . . wæs deáðe fæst the firedrake . . . scorched by the flames . . . lay a captive to death, B. 3045. Hí áslógan án geteld on westhealfe þ
re cyricean on þ
re cyricean fæst (ita ut ipsum tentorium parieti hereret ecclesiae), Bd. 3, 17; Sch. 268, 3. Hé rom geseah brémbrum fæstne, Gen. 2928. Bendum fæstne, An. 184. Scip oncerbendum fæst, B. 1918. Ceólas bi staðe fæste, Wal. 18. Ceólas æt s
fearoðe oncrum fæste, El. 252. (2 a) of a band, tie, &c., not easily loosed: -- Ðeáh seó leó fæste racentan hæbbe, Bt. 25; F. 88, 9. Þ
m fæstestum tenacissimis (vinculis), Wrt. Voc. ii. 86, 2. (2 b) of alliance, agreement, &c. :-- Ðá wiþerweardan gesceafta
gþer ge hié betwux him winnað, ge eác fæste sibbe betwux him healdaþ, Bt. 21; F. 74, 14: Met. 11, 41. Þæt þú wið Wealdend heólde fæste treówe, Exod. 422. II. of persons or their attributes, constant, firm, steadfast :-- Mid fæstum sefan, Hy. 10, 40. Þone ic
r on firenum fæstne talde, El. 909. Ic hæbbe fæstne geleáfan, Gen. 543. Freóndscipe fæstne, B. 2069. Wé ús naman Drihtnes neóde habbað on fultume fæstne and strangne, Ps. Th. 123, 7. Ic þá leóde wát ge wið feónd ge wið freónd fæste geworhte, B. 1864. II a. of abstract things. (1) fixed, unchangeable : -- Náuht woruldríces fæstes and unhwearfiendes beón ne mæg, Bt. 8 ; F. 26, 11. Hé sealde swíþe fæste gife and swíþe fæste
, 41, 2 ; F. 246, 2. Æ-acute;nig ðing swá fæst getiohhod. . .
hit n
fre onwended weorþe, 41, 3; F. 250, 6. Niman fæstne eard to reside permanently, Ps. Th. 86, 3. Geheald míne fæste
keep my law that changes not, 77, 1. (2) firm, secure :-- Fæst tuta, i. firma (prosperitas), An. Ox. 793. (3) stubborn, unyielding :-- Ic
lcne wiccecræft eáðelíce oferswíðde. . . and ic n
fre ne áfunde swá fæstne drýcræft, Hml. S. 35, 179. III. firm. (1) firmly joined together, strongly built or made :-- Bold eal inneweard írenbendum fæst, B. 998. Glóf. . . searobendum fæst, 2086. Fæstostan eardungstówe firmissimo habitaculo, Ps. L. fol. 189, 4. (2) solid, compact :-- Þ-bar; þæt hnesce and flówende wæter hæbbe flór on þ
re fæstan eorðan, Bt. 33, 4; F. 130, 4. (3) of a joint, strong, firm :-- Fæstes forti (compage), Wrt. Voc. ii. 85, 50: 93, 39: 37, 14. IV. of places that can resist attack, strong, fortified :-- Beorh . . . nearocræftum fæst, B. 2243. Fæst is þæt églond fenne biworpen, Rä. 1, 5. Ðá fæstan ceastre munitum castrum, Wrt. Voc. ii. 58, 38. Leoniða fór on ánum londfæstenne . . . Xersis hét
fæste lond útan ymbfaran . . . Leoniþa his fierd gel
dde on án óþer fæstre land, Ors. 2, 5 ; S. 80, 14-29. Þá hié ongeátan þæt þæt festen sceolde ábrocen bión, hí sendon on óðer fæstre fæsten, 3, 11; S. 148, 23. Seó burg (Babylon) wæs ealra weorca fæstast, 2, 4 ; S. 74, 24 : 3, 7 ; S; 114, 11. IV a. of a chamber, closely shut up :-- Gefere þæne mannan on swíðe fæstne cleofan and wearmne, Lch. ii. 280, 11. IV b. of a vessel, that does not leak, water-tight :-- Fæstne kylle, Past. 469, 9. V. of sleep, rest, unbroken, undisturbed :-- Þú eart sió fæste ræst (cf. seó séfte ræst, Bt. 33, 4; F. 132, 34) eallra sóðfæstra tu requies tranquilla piis, Met. 20, 271. Bið se sl
p tó fæst, B. 1742. Þá Langbearde ealle wæ-acute;ron on
Source: Bosworth/Toller, page d0274, entry 13
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furþum. Take here furþan in Dict., and add: I. even, intimating that the sentence in which it occurs expresses an extreme case of a more general proposition implied, and generally prefixed to the particular word, phrase, or clause, on which the extreme character of the statement or supposition depends. (1) attached (a) to the subject:--Ge furðon þá spr
con þæt ylce þe ic betst trúwode, Ps. Th. 40, 9. Ge furþum seó stów þe . . . þú cwist
þín wræcstów sý, heó is þám monnum éþel þe . . ., Bt. 11, 1; F. 32, 26. Ge furþum manna líchaman forealdiað, Solil. H. 10, 7. (a
) in negative sentences:--Ne wearð furðon án tó láfe non remansit ne una quidem, Ex. 10, 19. Þæt furðon nán tácen . . . næs gesewen, Hml. Th. i. 62, 16. Nó
án
hí magon geféran beón, ac . . .
heora furþum nán búton óþrum beón ne mæg, Bt. 21; F. 74, 18. And furþon litlincgas nellaþ forbígean me et nec parvuli nolunt praeterire me, Coll. M. 29, 1. Hit furðum cépemen ne gefaraþ, Bt. 18, 2; F. 62, 36. Ne án furðum ealra w
re non est usque ad unum, Ps. Th. 52, 2, 4. N
nig forðum wæs þæt hé eft síðade hyhta leás, Gú. 895. (b) to the object:--Feáwa . . . cúðen . . . furðum án
rendgewrit of Lædene on Englisc áreccean, Past. 3, 15. Þ-bar; wé furþum (-on, v. l.)
eáland gesecean mihton si vel ipsam insulam repetere possemus, Bd. 5, 1; Sch. 552, 5. Bió ðé uníðe tó clipianne, ge furðum ðína ágna spr
ca loquere in causa tua vix, Past. 385, 11. Hé hét ofsleán ealle þá witan, ge furþon his ágene móder, and his ágene bróðer; ge furðon his ágen wíf hé ofslóg mid sweorde, Bt. 16, 4; F. 58, 6-8. Ge furðum ðára scylda ðe openlíce beóð gesewena . . . hié beládian, Past. 241, 1. Hwár mæg ic wísran findan, oððe furðon þínne gelícan numquid sapientiorem et consimilem tui invenire potero?, Gen. 41, 39. (b
) the object a clause:--Ge furþon,
wyrse wæs, wé geheórdon
sum sunu ofslóg his fæder, Bt. 31, 1; F. 112, 14. (b
) in negative sentences:--Ne furþon án þyrl . . . þú ne miht dón nec saltem unum foramen . . . vales facere, Coll. M. 31, 17: 29, 13: Gen. 14, 23. Ic furðum ánne ánlépne ne mæg geðencean, Past. 3, 17. Ðá óðre ne begáð furðum hira
gne endebyrdnesse, 409, 31: 403, 27: Bt. 15; F. 48, 16. Hé furðon orsorh ne brícð his genihtsumnysse even his abundance he does not enjoy without anxiety, Hml. Th. i. 64, 34. Þæs þe ic furðum
r
fre
ngum ne wolde monna melda weorðan, Gú. 1201. (c) to a word, phrase or clause expressing time, manner, place, &c.:--Þæt ic lufige ge furðum on þeófum (þeawum, MS.) quas amo etiam in latronibus, Solil. H. 16, 14. (c
) in negative sentences:--Hé furðum on ðám broce (etiam in tribulatione positus) nyle ál
tan his geornfulnesse, Past. 269, 10. Suá unryht suá wé furðum betwuxn hæðnum monnum ne hiérdon, 211, 8. Ne lufige ic nánwiht . . . ofer þæt, ne furðum þám gelíce, Solil. H. 25, 18. (d) to a hypothetical clause:--Gif ic
nig unriht wið hí gedón hæbbe, oððe furðum him gulde yfel wið yfle, Ps. Th. 7, 4. Hwæþer hit furþon sóð sý oððe hwæðer mé on swefne m
te, Hml. S. 23, 522. (e) to the predicate to emphasize the full extent of the statement:--Wé nyton furðon git hwæt seó offrung beón sceal praesertim cum ignoremus quid debeat immolari, Ex. 10, 26: Solil. H. 15, 17. Wé his furðum ne gefrédað, Past. 139, 20: 241, 22. Wé nóhwæðer ne hit witan nyllað, ne hit bétan nyllað, ne furðum ne récað hwæðer wé hit ongieten, 195, 6: Wrt. Voc. i. 86, 74: Solil. H. 66, 14: Met. 8, 32. Hí þæt tówearde líf ne sóhton, ne
furþum gelýfdon
hit ó w
re uitam futuram non quaereates, siue etiam non esse credentes, Bd. 3, 30; Sch. 331, 13. And gé furðon ne gelýfdon Drihtne et nec sic quidem credidistis Domino, Deut. 1, 32. Hí n
ron furðan wyrðe
. . ., Hml. S. 23, 367: Ælfc. Gen. Thw.
Source: Bosworth/Toller, page d0378, entry 6
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ge-neán. Substitute: To get near, (i) to approach :-- Swipu ne geneál
cþ
ne geneáhaþ (appropinquabit) þínum getelde. Ps. L. 90, lo. (2) to be attached to, fixed to. Cf. ge-neál
can ; IV b :-- Ðá sóðfæstnesse ðínes trumlícor gineá ðú dóst láre eos veritatis tuae firmius inherere facias documento, Rtl. 34, 28. [O. H. Ger. ge-náhén sih to approach.] v. ge-néhwian.
Source: Bosworth/Toller, page d0508, entry 36
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hangian. Add: I. of the position taken by a body under the action of gravity when supported only from above :-- Ic (a horn) hongige wlitig on wáge, Rä. 15, 11. Him ne hangað nacod sweord ofer þám heáfde be smalan þr
de, Bt. 29, 1; F. 102, 27. Hangaþ þ
r leóhtfæt, Bl. H. 227, 28. Wearþ hé gefæstnod be þ
re swíþran handa tó þ
re b
re
hé hangode tó eorþan (he hung by his right hand without being able to reach the ground with his feet), 151, 19. W
ron wit twégen on ánum olfende, and wit unc simble ondréden hwonne wit sceoldon feallan of þám olfende, and miccle má wit hangodan be þám olfende þonne wit þ
ron s
ton, Shrn. 38, 17. On ð
m clife hangodon on ð
m ísgean bearwum manige sáula be heora handum gebundne . . . and þonne ðá twigo forburston þonne gewitan þá sáula niþer þá þe on ð
m twigum hangodan, Bl. H. 209, 34-211, 4. On ðæs sácerdes hrægle scolde hangigan bellan, Past. 95, 3. On þ
re-sculon hangian ðá feówer hringas, 171, 3. Ic on wáge geseah wlitig hangian eald sweord, B. 1662. I a. of persons, to be suspended on a gallows or cross : -- His sunu hangað hrefne tó hróðre, B. 2447. For hwon áhénge þú mé hefgor on þínra honda róde þonne iú hongade?, Cri. 1489: 1457. Wearh sceal hangian, fægere ongildan
hé
r fácen dyde manna cynne, Gn. C. 55. Hongende crucifixum, Lk. p. 11, 8. II. to be attached, hold fast :-- þá spácan sticaþ, óþer ende on þ
re felge . . . Ðá felga hangiaþ on þám spácan, ðeáh hí eallunga wealowigen on þ
re eorðan . . . þá felga ne magon bión on þám færelde, gif hí ne bióþ fæste on þám spácum, Bt. 39, 7; F. 222, 7-20. III. to remain suspended without visible support, float in the air: -- Gif him fore wolcen hangað, Met. 5, 4. Tódríf þone mist ðe nú hangaþ beforan úres módes eágum, Bt. 33, 4; F. 132, 32. Hangode, Met. 20, 266. IV. to have the top bending beyond the lower part, to lean over: -- Ofer þ
m mere hongiað bearwas, wudu wæter oferhelmað, B. 1363. V. to hang on, cling to, be unwilling to abandon :-- Hangaþ úre mód ealne weg on þ
m þe wé æfter spyriaþ, Bt. 35, 5; F. 166, 14. Ne þurfon gé nó hongian on ðám anwealde, ne him æfter þringan; gif gé wíse bíþ hé wile folgian eów þeáh gé his nó ne wilnian, 16, 1; F. 50, 29. VI. to rest for authority on, depend on :-- In ðissum tw
m bebodum ealle ae hongað (stondes
honges, L.) and witga in his duobus mandatis universa lex pendet et prophetae. Mt. R. 22, 40. v. á-, ge-hangian.
Source: Bosworth/Toller, page d0522, entry 12
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heals-fang. Substitute: A legal payment of varying amount according to the status of a person, to be paid by him as a due or fine, or to be received by him or on his account for injury done to kim, (1) to be paid as a due :-- Medemra þegna heregeata : hors and his ger
da and his w
pn oððe (in L. H., et suum hal[s]fang, 559, 7) his healsfang (halsfangc, v. l.) on Wessexan, Ll. Lbmn. 358, 14. (2) to be paid as a penalty :-- Gif for godbótan feohbót áríseð, swá swá wise woroldwitan tó steóre gesettan,
gebyreð . . . for woroldsteóran tó godcundan neódan, hwílum be wíte, hwílum be wergylde, hwílum be halsfange. Ll. Lbmn. 258, § 51. (a) where it is the heals-fang of the payer :-- Gif fríman an ðane forbodenan tíman [wyrce], sió hé healsfange scyldig . . . Gif ceorl búton wífes wísdóme deóflum gelde, hé sié ealra his
htan scyldig and healsfange. Gif bútwú deóflum geldaþ, sión hió healsfange scyldigo and ealra
htan . . . Gif mon his heówum in fæsten fl
sc gefe, frigne ge þeówne halsfange álýse. Ll. Lbmn. 13, 11-21. Gyf freóman freólsdæge wyrce, þonne gebéte
mid his halsfange (decem solidos persoluat, Inst. Cnut. ), 342, 26. Gyf hláford his þeówan freólsdæge nýde tó weorce . . . gylde lahslit se hláford mid Denum, wíte mid Englum (dominus det halsfang, Inst. Cnut. ), 345, 1. Gyf hwá on leásre gewitnesse openlíce stande . . . gylde hé þám cingce oððe landrícan be healsfange (persoluat regi aut domino terre x solidos, quod Dam uocant halsfang, Inst. Cnut. ), 338, 24. Reddat regi . . . helsfang, 557, 10. (b) where it is the healsfang of the injured person :-- Gif man æt unlagum man bew
pnige, forgilde hine be halsfange (x sol. ei emendet, Inst. Cnut.; halsfangium eius emendet, 606, 12); gif hine man gebinde, forgilde be healfan were, 350, 15. ¶It formed the first part of the compensation (wer) paid to the friends of a slain person, and it is in this connection that most detail is given, the amount, time of payment, and recipients of the healsfang being stated :-- Twelfhyndes mannes wer is twelf hund scyllinga . . . Gif man ofslægen weorðe, gylde hine man swá hé geboren sý. And riht is ðæt se slaga . . . finde wærborh . . . þonne þæt gedón sý, ðonne r
re man cyninges munde . . . Of ð
m dæge on .xxi. nihtan gylde man LXX. sc
UNCERTAIN , tó healsfange æt twelfhyndum were. Healsfang gebyreð bearnum, bróðrum and fæderan; ne gebyreð nánum m
ge ðæt feoh búte ðám ðe sý binnan cneówe. Of ðám dæge ðe ðæt healsfang ágolden sý on .xxi. nihtan gylde man ðá manbóte . . . 392, 3-23: 190, 10. Further details concerning the healsfang in the case of the ceorl may be gained from the laws of Henry I. which show that the healsfang was part of the wer :-- In omni weregildo debet halsfang primo reddi, sicut were modus erit . . . Qui natus sit ad iiii. libras [= twihindus homo] . . . halsfang eius sunt v mar
, que faciunt xii. sol, et vi. den. Si quis ad iiii. UNCERTAIN libras persoluendus occidatur, et ad id res ueniat, ut precio natalis eius componendus sit, primo debent reddi xii. sol. et vi. den. et in wera numerari. Reddantur uero patri uel filio uel fratri . . . et ipsi diuidant inter se. A die qua wera uadiata est in xxi diem debet halsfang reddi, et hoc indiuisum habeant a ceteris . . . reddatur vii sol. et vi d
n. UNCERTAIN ad expletionem xx sol. (i. e. the healsfang ( = 12s. 6d. ) + 7s. 6d. made the first pound) [Then three successive pounds were to be paid, making four pounds in all, the amount of the slain man's wer], 581, 8-582, 17. According to the laws of William I the widow of a slain man shared (or received) the healsfang, 498, 499, § 9. [Heals-fang means literally the seizing by the neck or throat (collicipium is the rendering of the word in the old Latin version of Cnut's Laws, Ll. Lbmn. 339, 24: 343, 25). Cf. the passage in Beowulf, where in the description of such an action heals and fón are used: Fýrdraca . . . r
sde on þone rófan, . . . heals ealne ymbeféng biteran bánum, 2691. Its formation may be compared with that of feax-fang (an action to which the law attached a penalty), a word which with the similar berd-fang is found in the Frisian laws. In these laws, too, is mentioned the offence of seizing by the hals (Huaso orem grypt oen syn hals, dat di adema hor ut ner in mey), to which the term heals-fang might very well have been applied in Old English. As in the Old English legal phraseology the word which denotes an offence denotes also the fine which is to be paid for that offence, healsfang in the first instance might have denoted the action, then the fine paid for the assault, and then, like wergild, have come to be regarded as a standard for fines in the case of other offences (cf. first passage under (2) above :-- Hwílum be wergylde, hwílum be halsfange). And it may be noted that in two of the instances where a fine is determined by healsfang the offences involve violence, unlawful disarming, and manslaughter. Halsfang occurs in Frisian law, but its meaning is not defined. Richthofen explains it as a 'Menschen- oder Mädchen-raub'. The word occurs in Icelandic, as well as a verb háls-fengja, meaning respectively an embrace and to embrace.]
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