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Source: Cleasby/Vigfusson, page b0736, entry 4
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The following entry has been hand-corrected once.

ÞING, n. [no Goth. þigg is recorded; A.S. and Hel. þing; Engl. thing; O.H.G., Germ., and Dutch ding; Dan.-Swed. ting] A. A thing, Lat. res. In the Icel. this sense of the word is almost unknown, although in full use in mod. Dan.-Swed. ting, where it may come from a later Germ. influence. II. in plur. articles, objects, things, esp. with the notion of costly articles: þeir rannsaka allan hans reiðing ok allan hans klæðnað ok þing, articles, Sturl. iii. 295; þau þing (articles, inventories) er hann keypti kirkjunni innan sik, Vm. 20; þessi þing gaf Herra Vilkin kirkjunni í Klofa, -- messu-klæði, kaleik, etc., 26. 2. valuables, jewels (esp. of a married lady), the law often speaks of the 'þing' and the 'heimanfylgja;' ef maðr fær konu at lands-lögum réttum ... þá skulu lúkask henni þing sín ok heimanfylgja, Gþl. 231; hann hafði ór undir-heimum þau þing at eigi munu slík í Noregi, Fms. iii. 178; siðan tók hón þing sín, 195; eptir samkvámu (marriage) þeirra þá veitti Sveinn konungr áhald þingum þeim er ját vóru ok skilat með systur hans, x. 394; maðr skal skilja þing með frændkonu sinni ok svá heiman-fylgju, N.G.L. ii; skal Ólafr lúka Geirlaugu þing sín, svá mikil sem hón fær löglig vitni til, D.N. i. 108; þinga-veð, a security for a lady's paraphernalia, D.N. passim. B. As a law phrase [see Þingvöllr]: I. an assembly, meeting, a general term for any public meeting, esp. for purposes of legislation, a parliament, including courts of law; in this sense þing is a standard word throughout all Scandinavian countries (cp. the Tyn-wald, or meeting-place of the Manx parliament): technical phrases, blása til þings, kveðja þings, stefna þing, setja þing, kenna þing (N.G.L. i. 63); helga þing, heyja þing, eiga þing; slíta þingi, segja þing laust, to dissolve a meeting, see the verbs: so also a þing 'er fast' when sitting, 'er laust' when dissolved (fastr I. , lauss II. 7); Dróttins-dag hinn fyrra í þingi, ríða af þingi, ríða á þing, til þings, vera um nótt af þingi, öndvert þing, ofanvert þing, Grág. i. 24, 25; nú eru þar þing (parliaments) tvau á einum þingvelli, ok skulu þeir þá fara um þau þing bæði (in local sense), 127; um várit tóku bændr af þingit ok vildu eigi hafa, Vápn. 22; hann hafði tekit af Vöðla-þing, skyldi þar eigi sóknar-þing heita, Sturl. i. 141: in countless instances in the Sagas and the Grág., esp. the Nj. passim, Íb. ch. 7, Gísl. 54-57, Glúm. ch. 24, 27, Eb. ch. 9, 10, 56, Lv. ch. 4, 15-17: other kinds of assemblies in Icel. were Leiðar-þing, also called Þriðja-þing, Grág. i. 148; or Leið, q.v.; hreppstjórnar-þing (see p. 284); manntals-þing; in Norway, bygða-þing, D.N. ii. 330; hús-þing, vápna-þing, refsi-þing, v. sub vocc. :-- eccl. a council, H.E. i. 457, Ann. 1274; þing í Nicea, 415. 14. 2. a parish (opp. to a benefice); in Iceland this word is still used of those parishes whose priest does not reside by the church, no manse being appointed as his fixed residence; such a parish is called þing or þinga-brauð (and he is called þinga-prestr, q.v.), as opp. to a 'beneficium,' Grág. i. 471, K.Þ.K. 30, 70, K.Á. passim; bóndi er skyldr at ala presti hest til allra nauðsynja í þingin, Vm. 73; tíundir af hverjum bónda í þingunum, 96, Bs. i. 330, H.E. ii. 48, 85, 128. 3. an interview, of lovers, H.E. i. 244; þat var talat at Þorbjörn væri í þingum við Þórdísi, Gísl. 5; nær þú á þingi mant nenna Njarðar syni, Skm. 38; man-þing, laun-þing. II. loc. a district, county, shire, a þing-community, like lög (sec p. 369, col. 2, B. II); a 'þing' was the political division of a country; hence the law phrase, vera í þingi með goða, to be in the district of such and such a godi, to be his liegeman, cp. þingfesti; or, segjask or þingi, see the Grág., Nj., and Sagas, passim; full goðorð ok forn þing, Grág. i. 15; í því þingi eðr um þau þing, 85. In later times Icel. was politically divided into twelve or thirteen counties. In old days every community or 'law' had its own assembly or parliament, whence the double sense of 'lög' as well as of 'þing.' C. HISTORICAL REMARKS. -- In Norway the later political division and constitution of the country dates from king Hacon the Good and his counsellors Thorleif the Wise and earl Sigurd. As king Harold Fairhair was the conqueror of Norway, so was his son Hacon her legislator as also the founder of her constitution, and of her political division into 'þings;' for this is the true meaning of the classical passage, -- hann (king Hacon) lasgði mikinn hug á laga-setning í Noregi, hann setti Gulaþings-lög ok Frostaþings-lög, ok Heiðsævis-lög fyrst at upphafi, en áðr höfðu sér hverir fylkis-menn lög, Ó.H. 9; in Hkr. l.c. the passage runs thus -- hann setti Gulaþings-lög með ráði Þorleifs spaka, ok hann setti Frostaþings-lög með ráði Sigurðar jarls ok annara Þrænda þeirra er vitrastir vóru, en Heiðsævis-lög hafði sett Hálfdan svarti, sem fyrr er ritað, Hkr. 349 new Ed.; the account in Eg. ch. 57, therefore, although no doubt true in substance, is, as is so often the case in the Sagas, an anachronism; for in the reign of Eric 'Bloodaxe,' there were only isolated fylkis-þing, and no Gula-þing. In later times St. Olave added a fourth þing, Borgar-þing, to the three old ones of king Hacon (those of Gula, Frosta, and Heiðsævi); and as he became a saint, he got the name of legislator in the popular tradition, the credit of it was taken from Hacon, the right man; yet Sighvat the poet speaks, in his Bersöglis-vísur, of the laws of king Hacon the foster-son of Athelstan. Distinction is therefore to be made between the ancient 'county' þing and the later 'united' þing, called lög-þing (Maurer's 'ding-bund'); also almennilegt þing or almanna-þing, D.N. ii. 265, iii. 277; fjórðunga þing, ii. 282; alþingi, alls-herjar-þing. The former in Norway was called fylkis-þing, or county þing; in Icel. vár-þing, héraðs-þing, fjórðungs-þing (cp. A.S. scîrgemot, a shiremote). Many of the old pre-Haconian fylkis-þing or shiremotes seem to have continued long afterwards, at least in name, although their importance was much reduced; such we believe were the Hauga-þing (the old fylkis-þing of the county Westfold), Fms. viii. 245, Fb. ii. 446, iii. 24; as also Þróndarness-þing, Arnarheims-þing, Kefleyjar-þing, Mork. 179. II. in Iceland the united þing or parliament was called Al-þingi; for its connection with the legislation of king Hacon, see Íb. ch. 2-5 (the chronology seems to be confused): again, the earlier Icel. spring þings (vár-þing), also called héraðs-þing (county þing) or fjórðunga-þing (quarter þing), answer to the Norse fylkis-þing; such were the Þórness-þing, Eb., Landn., Gísl., Sturl.; Kjalarness-þing, Landn. (App.); Þverár-þing, Íb.; also called Þingness-þing, Sturl. ii. 94; Húnavatns-þing, Vd.; Vöðla-þing, Lv., Band.; Skaptafells-þing, Nj.; Árness-þing, Flóam. S.; þingskála-þing, Nj.; Hegraness-þing, Glúm., Lv., Grett.; Múla-þing (two of that name), Jb. (begin.), cp. Grág. i. 127; Þorskafjarðar-þing, Gísl., Landn.; Þingeyjar-þing, Jb.; further, Krakalækjar-þing, Dropl. (vellum, see Ny Fél. xxi. 125); Sunnudals-þing, Vápn.; þing við Vallna-laug, Lv.; þing í Straumfirði, Eb.; Hvalseyrar-þing, Gísl.; or þing í Dýrafirði, Sturl.; Fjósatungu-þing, Lv. III. in Sweden the chief þings named were Uppsala-þing, Ó.H.; and Mora-þing (wrongly called Múla-þing, Ó.H. l.c., in all the numerous vellum MSS. of this Saga; the Icelandic chronicler or the transcriber probably had in mind the Icel. þing of that name). IV. in Denmark, Vebjarga-þing, Knytl. S.; Íseyrar-þing, Jómsv. S. V. in the Faroe Islands, the þing in Þórshöfn, Fær.: in Greenland, the þing in Garðar, Fbr. VI. freq. in Icel. local names, Þing-völlr, Þing-vellir (plur.) = Tingwall, in Shetland; Þing-nes, Þing-eyrar, Þing-ey, Þing-eyri (sing.); Þing-múli, Þing-skálar, etc., Landn., map of Icel.; Þing-holt (near Reykjavik). D. COMPDS: þings-afglöpun, f. contempt of court, a law phrase, Grág. i. 5, Nj. 150. þings-boð, n. a summons to a þing, N.G.L. i. 55. þinga-brauð, n. a parish-vicarage, see B. I. 2. þinga-deild, f. litigation at a þing, Íb. 8. þinga-dómr, m. a court at a þing, a public court, Grág. i. 127. þinga-kvöð, f. a summoning persons to an assembly, to perform public duties there; vanda skal búa í þingakvöð, Grág. i. 142. þinga-prestr, m. a vicar of a parish (B. I. 2), Sturl. i. 125, H.E. ii. 215. þinga-saga, u, f. = þingaþáttr, Mork. 174. þinga-tollr, m. a church-toll, H.E. ii. 509, D.I. 276. þinga-þáttr, m. (Hkr. l.c.), the name of the interesting record in Mork. 174.

Source: Cleasby/Vigfusson, page b0738, entry 20
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þing-vika, u, f. the week during which the parliament sits, Grág. i. 245 (the alþingi lasted two weeks).

Source: Cleasby/Vigfusson, page b0738, entry 25
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ÞINN, þín, þitt, possess. pron.; older and better þínn, þín, þítt, see minn: [Goth. þeins; Engl. thine; Germ. dein; Dan. din] :-- thine, thy; þínum drengskap, Nj. 16; dóttur þinnar, 23; þinnar íllsku, 82; föður þíns, 108; fá mér leppa tvá ór hári þínu, 116, and passim. B. There was also a different use of 'þinn' in the vocat., viz. in addressing a person generally in connexion with some word of abuse; þinn heljar-karl, thou hell-carle! Fb. i. 212; þitt íllmenni! Fs. 36; þinn skelmir! 166; also placed after the noun, even with the suffixed article, hefir þú svikit mik, hundrinn þinn! Ísl. ii. 176; mun fóli þinn nokkurum manni grið gefa? Ld. 220; dyðrillinn þinn, Fms. ii. 279; klifar þú nökkvat jafnan mannfýla þin! Nj. 85; hirð eigi þú þat, milki þinn, thou milksop! 182; alldjarfr er þjófrinn þinn, Fms. vii. 127; hvat vill skelmir þinn? Fs. 52; hvat mun þjófr þinn vita til þess? Eb. 106; lydda þin, Krók. 7: also freq. in mod. Dan., Norse, and Swed., e.g. Dan. din hund! din skjelm! dit afskum! &FINGER; In Norway, even in a sense of compassion, nú frys du í hel, ditt vesle ting! gakk heim-atter, din krok = thou, poor fellow! but more freq. as abuse, di sugga! ditt naut! ditt stygge fæ! or it is even there extended to the first person, eg, min arming, I, poor thing! me, vaarc stakarar = we, poor fellows! eg viste inkje bettra, min daare ! Ivar Aasen's Norse Gramm. p. 332. 2. in cases other than the vocative, but much more rarely; viltú nú þiggja grið ? þá svarar jarl, eigi af hundinum þínum, not from thee, thou dog! Fms. vi. 323; af fretkarli þínum, Fs. 160: acc., er ek sé þik, frænda skömm þína ..., er ek ól þinn úvita, Krók. 7 new Ed.; skulu vér færa þinn úvin til heljar, Fms. vi. 212. 3. in old writers even in plur., but very rarely; hví róa. djöflar yðrir (ye devils!), fyrir oss í alla nótt, Fms. ix. 50. -- We believe this 'þinn,' as a vocative, to be not the possess. pron. but a compounded form of the pers. pron. 'þú' and the article 'inn,' þinn being qs. þ'inn, literally thou the ... ! A strong, and almost conclusive, proof of this is that the uncontracted form actually occurs, and is used in exactly the same sense as the contracted 'þinn;' þú inn vándi slangi, thou the wicked scamp! Skíða R.; þú inn armi, thou the wretch! Ld. 326; þú inn mikli maðr, thou the great man! Eg. 488; vel, þú hinn góði þjón og trúlyndi, Matth. xxv. 21: the full phrase was accordingly altered in one of two ways; either the article was dropped, þú góði og t. þjón, 20, or pronoun and particle were both contracted into one word, as above. The phrase, we may presume, at first could only have been used in the vocative (þinn!); but the origin being soon lost sight of, it was gradually extended to other cases (hundinum þínum); and even, esp. in mod. usage, to the other possessive pronouns (djöflar yðrir). Bearing this in mind, it is easy to understand why this usage is peculiar to the Scandinavian tongue, for although the possessive pronoun 'þinn,' thine, etc., is common to all Teutonic languages, the article 'inn' is peculiar to the northern languages, and therefore a word compounded with it would be so also. Analogous are the phrases, sá inn, þat it, þau in, þann inn ... . see p. 263, col. 1 (A. II). For another view, see Grimm, Kleine Schr. iii. 256, and 271 sqq.

Source: Cleasby/Vigfusson, page b0740, entry 25
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ÞJÓTA, pres. þýt; pret. þaut, þauzt, þaut, pl. þutu; subj. þyti; part. þotinn: [A.S. þeótan, cp. Ulf. þut-in, þut-haurn, = Gr. GREEK; Dan. tude] :-- to emit a whistling sound, e.g. of the wind, surf, waves, leaves of trees; vindr þýtr, Grág. ii. 170; sjár, alda, brim þýtr, Lex. Poët., Gm. 21; öxin þaut, the axe whistled, Fs. 62; öxar tvær þutu hátt á öxa-tré, Sturl. 1. 158; vindr kom á þá ok þaut í spjótunum, iii. 83; víða þaut jörðin af þeirra hljóðan, resounded, Stj. 434; þjótandi strengleikr, of tunes, Sks. 632; þaut borgin af hljóðfærum, Konr.; í því er hann féll, þá þaut mjök ok glumdi, Stj. 46; nú heyra þeir at þaut í slöngu Búa, Ísl. ii. 408; nú þýtr undin, Fas. i. 204, cp. Fbr. 111 new Ed.; jötuns háls-undir (the waves) þjóta, Stor. 3; þat þýtr fyrir regni, it whistles for rain, Stj. 594; á þýtr af þjósti, Am.; þjótandi fors, Gsp.; þjótanda haf, Sks. 54, 137 new Ed.; reiðar-þrumur þjóta, Art. 80; þjótandi kvern, of a mill, Fas. i. 493 (in a verse). 2. to howl, of a wolf; sem úlfar þyti, Karl. 140; þar heyrir þú varga þjóta, Gkv. 28 (Dan. ulvene tude), cp. ulfa-þýtr; hölkn (monsters) þutu, Hým. II. to rush; þá þutu upp allir, Grett. 164 new Ed.; margir menn þutu upp ok kváðu hann njósnarmann, Sturl. ii. 247, Th. 25. 2. with prep.; þjóta ú, to rush in; at skjótara mundi á þjóta = á dynja, to burst in, Fms. vii. 125; varði miki eigi at svá skjótt mundi á þjóta sem nú er, xi. 115. III. as intrans. [Engl. to toot; Germ. tuten], to blow a horn, trumpet, it only occurs in two instances; áðr halr hugfullr í horn um þaut, ere he blew the horn, Hðm. 17; sá er þýtr í trumbu, Fms. viii. 83 (in a verse).

Source: Cleasby/Vigfusson, page b0744, entry 19
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þrefi, a, m. [A.S. þraf; Engl. thrave = number of two dozen, Johnson] :-- a number of sheaves, a thrave, Edda ii. 491; cp. Dan. 'en trave korn;' in the phrase, raunlítið kemst opt á þrefa, small efforts soon make a shock, i.e. small matters soon grow into a quarrel, Mkv.; or is the metaphor from þref? cp. Gísl. 44 (above s.v. þref).

Source: Cleasby/Vigfusson, page b0751, entry 1
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ÞÚSUND, f.; sérhverja þúsund, Stj. 298; á þúsund (dat.), Sks. 705; tvær, þrjár ... þúsundir, 623. 53: in mod. usage it is mostly neut. (influenced by Latin?), but also fem. It is spelt þús-hund, Barl. 53; þús-hundum, Fms. vi. 409 (v.l.), Geisli 49; another form þús-hundrað (q.v.) is freq., esp. in Stj., Barl.; this double form -hund and -hundrað answers to the equally double form of 'hundred,' see p. 292, and is a proof that þúsund is a compound word, the latter part of which is 'hund' or 'hundred;' the etymology of the former part 'þús' is less certain; it is, we believe, akin to þysja, þyss, þaus-nir (a lost strong verb þúsa, þaus, þusu); þúsund would thus literally mean a swarm of hundreds: [in Goth. the gender varies, þûsundi, pl. þusundjos = GREEK, or þusundja, neut.; A.S. þûsend; Engl. thousand; O.H.G. dusunta; Germ. tausend, qs. dausend; Swed. tusende and tusen; Dan. tusinde; Dutch tuysend: this word is also common to the Slavon. languages: again, the Lapp, duhat and Finn. tuhat are no doubt borrowed from the Slavon. or Scandin.; the Gr., Lat., and Sansk. use other words] -- a thousand. B. There is little doubt that with the ancient heathen Scandinavians (and perhaps all Teutons), before their contact with the civilised southern people, the notion of numbers was limited, and that their thousand was not a definite number, but a vague term, denoting a swarm, crowd, host (cp. the Gr. GREEK): in ancient lays it occurs thrice (Hkv., Em., Fas. i. 502), but indefinitely; hvat þrym er þar sem þúsund bifisk eðr mengi til mikit, what a din is there as if a thousand were shaking, or an over-mickle multitude, Em. 2; sjau þúsundir, Hkv. 1. 49, literally = seven thousands, but in fact meaning seven hosts of men. 2. the dat. pl. þúsundum is, like huudruðum, used adverbially = by thousands, in countless numbers, Fms. vi. 409 (in a verse), Geisli 49. 3. in the ancient popular literature, uninfluenced by southern writers, 'þúsund,' as a definite number, occurs, we think, not half-a-dozen times. As the multiple of ten duodecimal hundreds, ere the decimal hundred was adopted, 'þnsund' would mean twelve decimal hundreds; and such is its use in the Sverris Saga, Fms. viii. 40, where one vellum says 'tvær þúsundir,' whilst the others, by a more idiomatic phrase, call it 'twenty hundreds.' II. in ecclesiastical writers, and in annals influenced by the Latin and the like, it is frequent enough; tíu þúsundir, fjórtán þúsundir, Fms. i. 107, 108 (annalistic records); fimm þúsundir, xi. 386, Al. 111; tíu þúsundum, Sks. 705; tíu þúsundum sinna hundrað þúsunda, Hom.; þúsund þúsunda, a thousand of thousands, i.e. a million, (mod.); hundrað þúsundir rasta ok átta tigir þúsunda, ... hundrað þúsund mílna, Fb. i. 31 (in the legend of Eric the Far-traveller and Paradise, taken from some church-legend); fjórar þúsundir, Þiðr. 234: or of the years of the world, sex þúsundir vetra, Fs. 197; sjau þúsundir vetra, Landn. 34. C. REMARKS. -- The popular way of counting high numbers was not by thousands, but by tens (decades) and duodecimal hundreds as factors; thus ten ... twenty hundreds, and then going on three, four, five, six ... tens of hundreds (a 'ten of hundreds' being = 1200). The following references may illustrate this -- tíu hundruð, ellefu hundruð, tólf hundruð, þrettán hundruð, fimtán hundruð ..., Íb. 17, Ó.H. 119, 201, Fms. vii. 295, xi. 383, 385. From twenty and upwards -- tuttugu hundrað manna, twenty hundreds of men, Fms. vii. 324, viii. 40; hálfr þriðitugr hundraða skipa, two tens and a half hundreds of ships, i.e. twenty-five hundreds, Fas. i. 378; þrjá tigu hundraða manna, three tens of hundreds of men, Fms. viii. 311; var skorat manntal, hafði hann meirr enn þrjá tigu hundraða manna, vii. 204; þrír tigir hundraða, D. N. v. 18; user fjorir tigir hundraða manna, nearly four tens of hundreds of men, Fms. vii. 275; á fimta tigi hundraða, on the fifth ten of hundreds, i.e. from four to five tens of hundreds, viii. 321; sex tigir hundraða, six tens of hundreds, 311, xi. 390; sex tigu hundraða manna, Fb. ii. 518, D.I. i. 350, -- all odd amounts being neglected. The highest number recorded as actually reckoned in this way is 'six tens of hundreds' (fimtán tigir hundraða, fifteen tens of hundreds, Fms. viii. 321, v.l., is a scribe's error): it is probable that no reckoning exceeded twelve tens of hundreds. All high multiples were unintelligible to the ancients; the number of the Einherjar in Walhalla is in the old lay Gm. thus expressed, -- there are 'five hundred doors in Walhalla, and five tens beside (the 'five tens' are, by the way, merely added for alliteration's sake), and eight hundred Einherjar will walk out of each door when they go out to fight the Wolf' (on the Day of final Doom). There seems to have been some dim exaggerated notion of a definite thousand in an ancient lay, only preserved in a half alliterative prose paraphrase, Fas. i. 502, where a mythical host is given thus, -- there were thirty-three phalanxes, each of five 'thousand,' each thousand of thirteen hundreds, each hundred four times counted. The armies in the battle of Brawalla, the greatest of the mythical age, are given, not in numbers, but by the space the ranks occupied, Skjöld. S. ch. 8. This resembles the story in Ó.H. ch. 59, of the two young brothers, king's sons: when asked what they would like to have most of, the one said: 'Cows.' 'And how many?' 'As many,' said he, 'as could stand packed in a row round the lake (Mjösen in Norway) and drink.' 'But you?' they asked the other boy: 'House-carles' (soldiers), said he. 'And how many?' 'As many,' said he, 'as would in one meal eat up all my brother's cows.' Add also the tale of the King and the Giant, and the number of the giant's house-carles, Maurer's Volksagen 306. No less elementary was the rule for division and fractions, of which a remarkable instance is preserved in an ancient Icelandic deed, called Spákonu-arfr, published in D.I. i. 305. See also the words tigr, hundrað, skor, skora, and the remarks in Gramm. p. xix. The Homeric numeration, as set forth in Mr. Gladstone's Homeric Studies, vol. iii, p. 425 sqq., is highly interesting, and bears a striking resemblance to that of the ancient Scandinavians. We may notice that in Iceland land and property are still divided into hundreds (hundreds of ells = 120), see hundrað B; in this case a thousand is never used, but units and hundreds of hundreds as factors, thus, sex tögu hundraða, in Reykh. Máld, (a deed of the 12th century), and so still in mod. usage; a wealthy man of the 15th century is said to have bequeathed to his daughters in land, 'tólf hundruð hundraða ok ellefu-tíu og tvau hundruð betr, en í lausafé fimm hundruð hundraða,' i.e. twelve hundreds of hundreds and 'eleventy' and two hundreds, and in movables five hundreds of hundreds, Feðga-æfi 16 (by the learned Bogi Benidiktsson of Staðarfell in Iceland, A.D. 1771-1849); sjau hundruð hundraða og þrjátigi hundruð betr, 21; hann eptir-lét börnum sínum fjármuni upp á níu hundruð hundraða, 22, -- a proof that in very remote times, when this valuation of land first took place, 'thousand' was still unknown as a definite number.

Source: Cleasby/Vigfusson, page b0752, entry 10
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ÞVEIT, f., or þveiti, n. [the root is found in A.S. þwîtan, pret. þwât = to chop; North. E. thwaite; Chaucer to thwite; cp. also Dutch duit, whence Engl. doit, Germ. deut, Dan. döit = a bit] :-- prop. a 'cut-off piece,' but occurs only in special usages: 1. a piece of land, paddock, parcel of land, it seems orig. to have been used of an outlying cottage with its paddock; þær jarðir allar, bú ok þveiti, all the estates, manor and 'thwaite,' where bú and þveiti are opp. to one another, D.N. ii. 81; séttungs þ., áttungs-þ., id.; öng-þveiti, a narrow lane, strait. 2. freq. in local names in Norway and Denmark, tvæt, Dan. tvæde (whence Dan. Tvæde as a pr. name); and in North. E. Orma-thwaite, Braith-thwaite, Lang-thwaite, and so on, names implying Danish colonisation: Þveit, Þveitar, f., Þveitin, n., Þveitini (qs. Þveit-vin), Þveitar-ruð, n., Þveitar-garðr, m., Þveitar-fjall, n., D.N. passim; in Icel. local names it never occurs, and is there quite an obsolete word. II. a unit of weight; þveiti mjöls, Boldt; þveitis-leiga, a rent amounting to a þ.; þveitis-ból, a farm of the value or the rent of a þ.; tveggja þveitna (thus a gen. pl. as if from þveita) toll, þveitis toll, D.N. iii. 465; hálf þveit smœrs, Boldt 114. III. [Dutch duit, etc.], a kind of small coin, a doit, a subdivision of an ounce (= a fraction, cut-off piece); in weregild the baugþak was counted thus, sex aurar ok þveiti átta ens fimta tigar, i.e. six ounces and forty-eight doits; hálf mörk ok þveiti tvau ens fjórða tegar, a half mark and thirty-two doits; þrír aurar ok þveiti tuttugu ok fjögur, three ounces and twenty-four doits; tveir aurar ok þveiti sextan, two ounces and sixteen doits, Grág. (Kb.) i. 193; ef maðr stelr minna enn þveiti þá skal heita hvinn, N.G.L. i. 253, cp. B.K. 8-11, 28, 29; þar eru þveiti tuttugu ok þrjú at höfuðbaugi, ... átta þveiti, ok þriðjungr ens fimta þveitis, ok hálft fjórða þveiti ok þriðjungr ens þriðja þveitis ok hálft annat þveiti, Grág. (Kb.) i. 202.

Source: Cleasby/Vigfusson, page b0756, entry 14
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ÞÆFA, i.e. þœfa, ð, [þóf, hence the mod. Dan. töve], to beat, stamp cloth; þau klæði vóru þæfð með sand ok tjöru, Fas. i. 346; and in mod. usage, þæfa sokka, vetlinga, peisu; þæfa í tunnu, to stamp in a tub, a curious custom still used in Icel. of two men lying on their backs and treading a tub open at both ends, so as to pack the cloth tightly. 2. metaph. to do a thing in a slow or tedious manner; þæfði hón þá ofan til árinnar, she went lumbering down to the river, Grett. 140; nú bíðu vér búnir, ok þarf eigi at þæfa oss lengr í þessu, to keep us longer waiting, Sturl. i. 134; eigi mun ek þik lengi þæfa um liðs-beina, Lv. 105; förum heim, þæfum ekki Skíða, ok rannsökum bæinn, let us not belabour S. any longer, Sd. 168. II. reflex., skulum vér þæfask svá við, struggle and delay (cp. Dan. töve), Vápn. 16; ekki mun ek lengi þæfask til hvílunnar við þik, Gísl. 16.

Source: Cleasby/Vigfusson, page b0757, entry 2
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THIS is a double letter -- æ, compounded of á and e (a + e), being a kind of appendage to á, and œ, compounded of ó and e (o + e), being an appendage to ó. In the alphabet of Thorodd the former was marked ?, UNCERTAIN the latter , as in vgn, UNCERTAIN ftr; later, the accent was dropped. The is also written ø, , œ, or even o or eo, thus føti, fti, fœti, or eorri = œrri, whence in modern print æ, œ: most vellums write æ (a + e) and œ (o + e) respectively, which characters have been adopted in modern print. In Icel. the œ-sound was soon lost; only the earliest vellums distinguish the two sounds; then in later vellums g, UNCERTAIN are used indiscriminately, the difference in sound being lost, the characters remaining, till at last the useless sign disappeared. Almost all the Icel. Sagas are preserved in vellums later than the time when the sounds had become confounded; the Cod. Reg. of the Grág. still keeps the distinction, owing probably to its excellent old originals; the Cod. Reg. of the Sæm. Edda uses both signs, but misplaces them, thus, Hm. 92 mgla, UNCERTAIN but fr (pres. from fá), in the same verse. The confusion between æ and œ is purely Icelandic, for in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden the distinction has been preserved up to the present day, thus, Dan. brødre, Swed. brøder, døttre, fødder, høne, but sæde, nætter, læge, etc., Icel. bræðr, dætr, fætr, hæna, sæti, nætr, læknir, etc. The æ was sounded (as Germ. ä, in nähe, or a lengthened Engl. a, perhaps more protracted), this sound was still heard down to the time of Arni Magnusson (end of the 17th century), see Gramm. p. xxxv, col. 2; it is now sounded like Engl. long i (time), but this sound was unknown to the ancients, except in the interjection aï (= æ see below) :-- we can only guess at the sound of œ; judging from the analogy of æ, it may have been like Germ. höhe, Fr. feu, only more protracted; in a diphthongal form (like æ into aï) it would be oï, and indeed the word œli in its modern form auli (i.e. oïli) may be a relic of this. 2. v cannot be sounded before œ, being a u-sound; thus we have œðr, œða, from vaða, óðr; but before æ, being an a-sound, it is both sounded and written. For the umlaut see Gramm. p. xxix.

Source: Cleasby/Vigfusson, page b0757, entry 3
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Æ, adv.; in vellums also spelt e, i.e. = g; UNCERTAIN e hverr, Blanda; þess Guðs er lifir ok e man lifa, Blanda: ea, ea standa mér augu of eld til Gunnildar, Ágrip (in a verse); freq. ey and ei, see ei, p. 117: [Goth. aiw in ni-aiw = never; A.S. â, âwa; Engl. aye] :-- for aye, ever; þat er ey eða 'æ' er aldregi þrýtr, Edda (Ups.) ii. 366; hans aldar mun æ vera at góðu getið, Hkm. 19; gott æ gömlum mönnum! Landn. (Hb.) 45; æ mon ek þora, Al. 2; at þeir komi þá æ til virðinga ok skiptinga, Grág. ii. 342; ef þú æ þegir, Hkv. Hjörv. 6; sýtir æ glöggr við gjöfum, Hm. 47; hygg ek at æ skyli má, Gm. 34; við vín eitt Óðinn æ lifir, 19; andspillis vanr þú skalt æ vera, Skm. 12. 2. with adj. or adv.; æ grænn, ever-green, Vsp. 19; æ góðr, ever-good, Eb. (in a verse); cp. ei-lífr, everlasting; æ hverr, [Scot. ever-ich] every man, Blanda; látum skútur várar fylgja æ hverju langskipi, every ship, i.e. each single, Fms. viii. 382; ok fór svá í vöxt, æ meðan (ever as long as) til vannsk, ix. 430; gékk hirðin sú er veginn ruddi, æ tveir jafn fram, two and two, x. 15; vóru menn greiddir til at taka þá æ sem þeir kæmi inn, 'ever as they came in,' i,e. one after another as they came (mod. jafnóðum og), Karl. 20; in Al. 41, hristir blóðuga e branda, read blóðuga e (i.e. æ) branda? aye shaking the bloody torches; æ jafnan, ever and aye, Sks. 193: æ ok æ, 'aye and aye,' ever and ever, Fms. vii. 270, Karl. 481, Mar., passim; æ æ kveða bandingja bifask, Fm. 7; æ síðan, for evermore, Nj. 16. 3. with compar.; var líf þeirra æ því veslara sem þat var lengra, Stj, 40; gljúfrin vóru æ því breiðari er ofarr var, became ever broader the higher it was up, Fms. viii. 51; lítið vindgol svá at merkit hóf æ (i.e. æ meir) frá stönginni, 382; æ sem fyrst, the soonest possible, Stj. 221; þú ert æ vístastr vera, the ever-wisest, i.e. by far the wisest, Vþm. 55; ok var Jómsvíkingum borit æ fullast, aye the fullest cup, i.e. the fullest cup was aye handed to them, Hkr. i. 231. 4. hvat er hér Atli æ Buðla son, 'whatever' i.e. whatever is then the matter with thee? Gkv. 3. 1. II. neg. never, for n'æ, Goth. ni-aiw; æ menn hann sjálfan um sjá, Vþm. 36.

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