This is page cv_b0300. Please don't edit above this dashed line. Thank you! -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
300 HVERFI -- HVERR.
austr (we turn our faces towards the east) þá er vér biðjum fyrir oss, Hom. 156, 158. II. to enclose; h. garði um e-t, to enclose with a fence, Gþl. 407 (garð-hverfa); himinn þann er hverfðr er útan um lopt öll, Fms. v. 340; hverfðr við e-t, stirred so as to be blended with, Sdm. 18. hverfi, n. a cluster of farms, such as almost to form a village, freq. in Icel. local names, Fiskilækjar-hverfi, Skóga-h., Rangár-h., Ingólfshöfða-h., Fljóts-h., Landn.: metaph., vizku-h., the abode of wisdom = the breast, Fbr. (in a verse); tanna-h., the 'tooth-abode,' i. e. the mouth, Kristni S. (in a verse): a shelter, verða e-m at hverfi, Sturl. i. (in a verse). hverfi-legr, adj. ugly, Nj. 147, v. 1.; whence mod. herfilegr (-liga), q. v., wretched, miserable. hverfing, f. turning, in sjón-h., eye-deceit, glamour. hverfingi, a, m. a froward ERROR person, Post. 201. hverfi-steinn, m. a grindstone, Vm. 177. hverf-lyndi, n. 'turn-mind,' fickleness, Str. 61, Róm. 305. hverf-lyndr, adj. shifty, fickle-minded, Rd. 295, Str. 26. hverfr, adj. shifty; hverf haustgríma, Hm. 73; hverfr hugr, a shifty mind, Sol. 31: crank, of a ship, freq. in mod. usage: also in the phrase, stýra hverft, to steer wrong. Fas. ii. 178. 2. metaph., ráða hverft, to give false counsel, Karl. III; fara hverft, t o s t a rt, stagger, as if . frightened, Nj. 197, Sd. 154; whence the mod. verða hverft, to be startled, be fright- ened: of clothes, rétt-hverfr, turning right; út-hverfr, turning outside; as also út-hverfa, rétt-hverfa, u, f. hverf-ráðr, adj. fickle, wavering, Fms. viii. 447, v. 1. hverfull, adj. shifty, changeable, of things, Barl. 32, 97; ú-hverfull, not shifty, abiding firm, hverfull-leiki, a, m. shiftiness, freq. hvergi, pron., see hverrgi. hvergi, adv. [see -gi, p. 199], nowhere; hann undi h., Landn. 174, Vsp. 3; áðr var h., before there was none anywhere, Íb. 16; sá þeir h. konung, Fms. ii. 332; hvergi á bæjum, Sturl. iii. 55; h. annarsstaðar, nowhere else, passim: with gen., hvergi lands, Helr. 9; hvergi jarðar né upphimins, Þkv. 2; moldar h., Fas. i. 521 (in a verse), Merl. 1. 59. II. metaph. in no manner, by no means, not at all; uggum hvergi, be not afraid! Kormak; varðar honum slíkt sem hvergi sé léð, Grág. i. 438; ef þú bregðr h. af, Nj. 31; at þeir skyldu h. at göra, 189; hvergi á fé at taka frá kirkju, K. Þ. K. 20 new Ed.: fara hvergi, to 'fare nowhere,' to stay at home, 9 new Ed., Fms. i. 10; ek vil hvergi fara, I shall not go at all, Ísl. ii. 32; vil ek at hvergi sé eptir riðit, nopursuit, 358; vera hvergi færr, to be quite unable to go, Eg. 107, Hkr. i. 269, Ó. H. 128. 2. with compar.; þat þykki mér hvergi úvænna, Fms. xi. 94; h. úframar, noways inferior, 48; h. betr, no better, Bs. i. 633; hvergi nær (mod. hvergi nærri), nowhere near, far from it, Eg. III. 3. alls hvergi, not at all, Grág. i. 141; hvar nema alls hvergi, where but nowhere, Ísl. ii. 236. hverigr, adj., see hverrgi. HVERN or hvörn, f. [proncd. kvörn or kvern, but distinction is to be made between kvern, mola, and hvern, cerebrum; for in the latter word h is the true initial, as is shewn by comparison with Ulf. hwairnei = GREEK , Mark xv. 22; Scot, harns; Germ, hirn; Swed. hjerna; Dan. hjerne, which stand in the same relation to hvern as hjól to hvel] :-- the two boat-formed white bones embedded in a fish's brains. These bones, as well as shells, are in Icel. collected and used by children in the game of guessing, as nuts etc. are in England; hann lauk þá upp höfuðskeljum mannanna, og tók hnefa-fylli úr hverju höfði og hugði vandliga að; eintómar hvarnir, og ekki nema tvær í þorsk-kindinni, Fjölnir (1845) 52. hvarnar-skeljar, f. pl. = hvarnir. hverna, u, f. [hverr, m.], a pan, basin, Nikd. 28. hvernig, qs. hvernveg, [see hverr], interrog. direct and indirect; the forms vary, hverneg or hvernig, Eg. 19 A, 106, 123, 292, 394, Hkr. i. 170, 287, Korm. 130, 148, Glúm. 327, Band. 18 new Ed., passim: hvernog or hvernug, Orkn. 83 (v. 1.), Hkr. i. 120, 347, Al. 63, 65, and passim in old MSS.: the mod. form is hvernin, proncd. hvurinn or kvurninn, qs. hvernveginn, from vegr with the article, which form is also now and then found in old MSS., Fs. 105 (MS. Arna-Magn. 132), Bs. Hungrv. passim, as also later MSS. :-- how? in what way? the refer- ences passim. HVERR, m., pl. hverar: I. a cauldron, boiler; hver kringl- óttan af eiri, Stj. 564; heyrði til höddu er Þorr bar hverinn, Skálda 168, Hym. 1, 3, 5, 9, 13, 27, 33, 34, 36, 39 (of a boiler); hefja af hvera, Gm. 42,= mod. taka ofan pottinn; in Gkv. 3, 6, 9, 10, ketill and hver are synonymous: hver-gætir, m. a cauldron-keeper, cook, Am. 58: hvera-lundr, m. a cauldron groove, Vsp. 39: Hver-gelmir, m. local name of the northern Tartarus, the abyss, Edda. II. metaph. in volcanic Icel. this word was taken to express the hot springs, and it is so used to the present day (in pl. often hverir), Sd. 191, Grett. 141 (hverar), Bs. i. 322, Ann. 1294, and freq. in local names. In the west the largest hverar are those in Reykjahólar, Eggert Itin. 382; in the north the Reykja-hver; Hvera-vellir in the wilderness Kjöl, 637; Reykjadals-hverar, among which the largest is the Uxa-hver, and Bað- stofu-hver, 640, 641. In the east there are only a few, see Itin. 798; whereas the south is very rich in such springs, especially the neighbour- hood of Haukadal (Geysir, Strokkr), see Ann. 1294; Grafar-hver, 890- Reykjaness-hverar, 895, (whence Hver-holmr, the name of a holm); the springs in Krísuvík, 897; the hverar in Reykja-holt and Reykja-dalr: they are found even in glaciers, as in Torfa-jökull, 766. COMPDS; hvera-fuglar, m. pl. fabulous birds, Eggert Itin. 890. hvera-hella, u, f. = hverahrúðr, Itin. 142. hvera-hrúðr, m. the tophus or tuf-stone deposited by hot springs, Itin. 145. hvera-leir, m. a kind of lime Itin. 127. hvera-slý, n. the soft pulp deposited by hot springs, Itin. 109. hvera-steinar, m. pl. a kind of tuf-stone, Itin. 660. hvera- vatn, n. water from a hver. For old dried up hverar see Itin. 295; cp. also the remarks s. v. Geysir and Ann. 1294. From hvera-lundr in Vsp. an Icel. origin of this poem is suggested by Prof. Bergmann in his Poëmes Islandaises, Paris 1838, p. 183, as the verse seems to refer to volcanic agencies. HVERR, pron. interrog. and indef.; at the present day proncd. hvur, with u throughout, and in mod. printed books usually spelt hvör, a form no doubt derived from the dual hvárr (hvorr), used in a plur. sense: for its declension, see Gramm. p. xxi; an acc. hverjan, Hým. 39; hverjan morgin, Vsp. 22, Fb. ii. 71 (in a verse); hverjan dag, Vþm. 11, 18, 23, 41, Gm. 8, 14, 20, 29; hverjan veg, Vþm. 18; whence the contracted form hvern. [The Gothic has a threefold interrog. pron., a sing, hwas, hwo, hwa; a dual, hwaþar; and a plur. hwarjis, hwarja, hwarjata. To the first of these pronouns answers the old Icel. form hvar, A. S. hwa, Scot. who, Engl. who, Swed. ho, Dan. hvo, cp. Lat. quis; but this pronoun is defec- tive, and remains only in the neut. hvat, q. v., Ulf. hwa, A. S. hwat, Engl. what, Germ, was, Dan. -Swed. hvad, Lat. quid: the dat. masc. hveim is obsolete, Goth, hvamme, Engl. whom, Dan. hvem: the dat. hvi (see hvat II, III): a nom. masc. hvar (hva-r) seems to be used a few times in old MSS. (e. g. Kb. of the Grágás), but it is uncertain, as the word is usually abbreviated UNCERTAIN or UNCERTAIN : a gen. sing, hves (Goth, hwes, North. E. whese) occurs, hves lengra, how much farther? Hom. (St.) 50; til hves, to what? 65: possibly the GREEK hós, Ls. 33, is a remnant of the old gen. To the Goth, dual answers the Icel. hvárr (hvaðarr), q. v. To the Goth. plur. answers the Icel. hverr, with characteristic j, which is used in sing, and plur. alike. In the neut. sing, the two forms, hvat and hvert, are distinguished thus, that hvat (hvað) is interrog., hvert indef., e. g. hvað barn, what bairn ? but hvert barn, every bairn.] A. Interrogative, = Lat. quis, quae, quid? who, what, which ? as sub- stantive and adjective, direct and indirect; hvers fregnit mik? Vsp. 22; hverjar ro þær meyjar ? Vþm. 48; hverir æsir ? 30, Fsm. 8, 34; hverr er sá enn eini? Fas. ii. 529; hverir hafa tekið ofan skjöldu vára? Nj. 68; hverju skal launa kvæðit? Ísl. ii. 230; hverr er sá maðr? Fms. ii. 269; telja til hvers hann hafði neytt eði hvers úneytt, Grág. i. 155; spyrja hverja þeir vilja kveðja, ii. 24; kveða á þingmörk hver eru, i. 100; (segja) hverjar guðsifjar með þeim eru, 30; hugsa til hvers þú munt færr verða, Fms. i. 83; vita hverr þú ert, ii. 269; vita hvert biðja skal, Edda; þeir þóttusk sjá til hvers aetlað var, Fms. ix. 461; eigi veit ek til hvers ek má ætla, Bs. i. 541; hón segir honum hvers efni í eru, how matters stood, 539; þeir vissu hverju hann ætlaði fram at fara, Fms. i. 291; hann segir hverrar ættar Ólafr var, 81; sögðu með hverju (erendi) þeir höfðu farit, Eg. 281. 2. with the notion of Lat. qualis; en hvat kemr þér í hug, hverr (qualis) ek muna vera þeim Írum, ef ? ..., Fas. ii. 529; þeim þótti úsýnt hverr friðr gefinn væri, Fms. v. 24; sá einn veit, hverju geði styrir gumna hverr, Hm. 17. B. Indefinite pronoun, = Lat. quisque, every one, each, used both as substantive and as adjective: 1. as subst.; with gen., þat sæti ætlaði sér hverr sona hans, Fms. i. 7; manna, seggja, lýða, gumna hverr, every one of the men, every man, Hm. 14, 17, 53-55, Sól. 49; fróðra hverr, every wise man, Hm. 7; ráðsnotra hverr, 63: absol., as in the sayings, hverr er sjálfum sér næstr; bærr er hverr at ráða sínu; djarfr er hverrum deildan verð; fróðr er hverr fregnvíss; hverr er sinnar hamingju smiðr; dauðr verðr hverr, Hallfred; hail er heima hverr, Hm.; kveðr hverr sinnar þurftar: lét harm þar tala um hvern þat er vildi, Eb. and passim: with a possess, pron., ef sér ferr hverr várr, each of us, Glúm. 329. 2. as adj., á hverju þingi, Hkr. ii. 300; hverjan dag, every day, Vsp., Vþm., Gm.; í hverri tíð, at any time, Hom. 112; hver undr, Fs. 115; hverjum manni, Nj. 6; meiri ok sterkari hverjum manni, Hkr. i. 148; hver spurning liítr til svara, Sks. 307; hverr gumi, Hm. 13, passim. 3. as adv., í hverju, evermore; veðrit óx í hverju, Fms. vi. 379; þykir harðna sambúðin í hverju, grew ever worse and worse, xi. 441; veðrit óx í hverri, Skáld. H. 4. 14. II. any; fyrir utan hverja hjálp, Hom. 159: esp. if following after a compar., es meiri fögnuðr boðinn á þessi tíð en á hverri annarri, Hom. (St.); hefir þetta með meirum fádæmum gengit heldr en hvert annarra, Band. 33 new Ed. III. adding the relat. particle er or sem, whosoever, which- soever, whatsoever; hvers sem við þarf, Fms. i. 306; þá á þá sök hverr er vill, Grág. i. 10; hverr er svá er spakr, Hom. 2; hverju sinni er, whensoever, Str. 27 and passim. IV. with another pron. or adj.; hverr at öðrum, one after another, Eg. 91, Fs. 158; hvert at öðru, Fas. ii. 556; hvert sumar frá öðru, Grág. i. 92; hverja nótt eptir aðra, Þiðr. 53, 150; at öðru hverju, now and then, adverbially; hverir tveir, every two and two, by twos, Fms. iv. 299; þriðja hvert ár, every three years,