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Í. I, 5i Ir- 3' Dímis R. 2. 4, Konraðs R. 7. 5; -- all these in vellum and
the greater part of them belonging to the I5th century. Poets of the
j6th century (before 1612), Rollants R. 9. 6, 12. 1, Pontus R. (by Magnus
Gamli, died 1591), Valdimars R., Ester R. 2. 2, 6. 3, Sy'raks R. i. 2, 6. 2,
Tobias R. I. 2; from the first half of the í yth century, Grett. R., Flores R.
6. 3, 9- 2t Kroka Refs R. I. 7, Lykla Pétrs R. 4. 2, 12. 1, Apollonius R.
1. 5, FloventsR. 6. 3, Sjö MeistaraR. i. 7, 2. 1, 3. 8; -- all in MS. In these
and many other references, the poets speak of the art, skill, rules, or, if
they are in that mood, the obscure puerilities and empty phr a ses of the
Edda, the artificial phraseology as taught and expounded by Snorri; and
wherever the name occurs (previous to the year 1643) it only refers to
Snorri's book, and such is still the use of the word in Icel.; hence compd
words such as Eddu-lauss, adj. void of Eddie art; Eddu-borinn, part.
poetry full of Eddie phrases; Eddu-kenningar, f. pl. Eddie circumlo-
cutions, Kötlu Draumr 85, e. g. when the head is called the ' sword of
Heimdal, ' the sword the 'fire or torch of Odin/ etc.; Eddu-kendr =
Edduborinn; Eddu-bagr, adj. a bungler in the Eddie art, etc. The Icel.
bishop Brynjolf Sveinsson in the year 1643 discovered the old mythological
poems, and, led by a fanciful and erroneous suggestion, he gave to that
book the name of Sæmundar Edda, the Edda ofSœmund; hence originate
the modern terms the Old or Poetical and New or Prose Edda; in foreign
writers Eddie has been ever since used in the sense of plain and artless
poetry, such as is contained in these poems, opposed to the artificial,
which they call Scaldic (Skald being Icel. for a poet); but this has no
foundation in old writers or tradition. Further explanation of this subject
may be seen in Ersch and Grubar's Encyclopedia, s. v. Graagaas.
EDIK, n. [from Lat. acidum or acetum; A. S. eced; Germ, essig;
Dan. í dik] :-- vinegar (qs. acidum vini); the word is modern in Icel.,
being borrowed from Danish, and probably first used in Matth. xxvii.
34, 48; edik galli blandað, Pass. 33. i, 2.
EÐLA (eyola, O. H. L. 27), u, f. [old Swed. ydhl a], a viper, Hkr. i. 103.
eðla-, in compds [from Germ, edel-, Dan. Æ del-], noble, Pass. 48. 6, (rare
and mod)
EÐLI, n., akin to and derived from óðal, q. v.; old MSS. also always
use the form øðli (eyðli, D. I. I. e.), Fms. x. 301, Hom. 47, n8, Greg. 48,
O. H. L. 86, Eluc. 16, Hkr. i. 225, Hbl. 9, Bs. i. 335, 342; eðli is more
modern, but öðli is still preserved: 1. nature; mannligt e., human
nature or character, 623. 19, Eb. no, Fms. x. 301; náttúrligt e., human
condition, Mag. (Fr.); vera í e. sinu, to be in one's own nature or frame
of mind, Fs. 59; eptir e., natural, ordinary, Fms. iii. 118; inoti e., against
nature, extraordinary; með likindum ok e., Edda 69; undruðusk er jörðin
ok dýrin ok fuglarnir höfðu sarnan e. í sumum hlutum, 144. (prefc); eðli
and náttúra (natura) are used synonymously, id.; engla öðli, the nature
of angels, Eluc. 16; arnar öðli, the eagle's nature, Hom. 47; allt mann-
kyns öðli, Greg. 48; öðrlez (= öðlis) skepna, O. H. L. 86. 2. birth,
origin, extraction, in the alliterative phrases, ætt ok öðli, Fms. i. 149;
hann var Valskr (H^ el s h) at ætt ok eðli, vii. 56; Danskr at öðli, Danish
by origin, Hom. 118; nafn ok öðli, n ame and family, Hbl. 9: the phrase,
at alda-öðli, for ever and ever, D. I. i. 266: in mod. usage, frá alda öðli,
from the birth of time, from the beginning, only used of ' past time;'
the Dan. ' fra Arildstid' is probably a corruption of the same phrase. 3.
embryo, Lat. / et ws, Mar. 156. COMPDS: eðlis-fræði, f. physic, (mod.)
eðlÍ8-b. ættir, m. pl. constitution, Bb. 2. 14. eðlis-skapan, n. and
eðlis-skepna, u, f. o ne's nature, Fms. v. 216, Hom. 123.
eðli-borinn, part, noble-born, well-born, Hkr. ii. 135.
eðli-ligr, adj. (-liga, adv.), natural, proper.
eðlingr, m. = öðlingr, poët. an ' etheling. '
eðl-vina, adj., probably corrupt, a s a viper (?), Hdl. 45.
EÐR or eða, which is the more freq. form in mod. use, conj., [Goth.
auþþa; A. S. o'S'o' e; Engl. o r; Germ. O der] :-- o r; joining two nouns,
verbs, or adjectives, hold eðr blóð, heitr eða kaldr, illr eða góðr, etc., esp.
after the pronouns annaðhvárt, hvárt, either; héraðsektir e. utanferðir,
Nj. 189; slíkr vetr eða verri, tsl. ii. 138; kaupmenn e. formenn, Fms. i.
II; í Blálandi eðr Arabia, Bb. 468; kirkjum eðr klaustrum, H. E. i.
419; í skógum eðr í öðrum fylsnum, Fms. iv. 384; skjóta e. kasta,
e. höggva e. leggja, Sks. 430; fyrr e. síðar, sooner or later, Hkr. ii.
368. P. in comparison of two unlike things, the two things are con-
nected with the disjunctive eða instead of the copulative ok, where the
Engl. may use a n d, e. g. the proverb, sitt er hvað, gæfa eðr gürfuleiki,
there's a difference between luck and wit; er úglíkt at ha fa með sér góða
drengi ok hrausta eðr einhleypinga, Ísl. ii. 325; vilikr er þessi eða hinn
fyrri, he is unlike and the first one, Mar. (Fr.); mun nokkut allikt,
garpskapr Bersa eðr stuldir borarins, i. e. ca none compare the valour
ofB. and the thievishness ofThorarinf Komi. 142. -y- aftcr a com-
parative, or even, sooner; ek em eigi verri riddari en Salomon konungr,
eðr nokkuru betri, 7 a m no worse a knight than king S., nay, rather some-
what better, bíðr. 161; eigi síðr, ... eðr nokkrum mun heldr, not les s,
but rather a little more. Bad. 97: otherwise, el s e, = ella, lykt skal land-
skyld vera fyrir sumarmál, eðr..., N. G. L. ii. 106 (rare): ellipt. = enn,
than, meta hvárt þau sé meiri, eðr hennar föng só, Js. 61. 8. denoting a query, exclamation, abrupt sentence, or the like, as Engl. or, what,
but; ek heiti Auðgisl, eðr ertú Hallfreðr, my n a me i s A.,or art thou
Hallfred? Fms. ii. So; ek heiti onundr, ... eða hvert ætli þit at fara,
but whither do you think of going? 81; nú vil ek gera at skapi þínu, eðr
hvar skulum vit á leita ? Nj. 3; sagði, at þeir mundi vera menn stórlátir,
eðr hvat þeir mundi fyrir ætlask, Eg. 17; eðr með hverjum fórstu norðan ?
Finnb. 256; vituð ér enn, eðr hvat? Vsp. 22, 31, 38, 39.
eðr, adv. still, yet, older form instead of ' enn, ' only in poetry; eðr of
sér, o ne s till ha s to see, i. e. the next thing is ..., Haustl. 14; stóð eðr í
hausi, stood, i. e. remains, still in his head, 19.
EF, A. neut. subst., older form if, Bad. 114, 124, Hkv. e., Vellekla
I. e., Hkv. Hjorv. 33 :-- doubt, used in plur., hver sé if, what doubt can
there bet Vellekla: it still remains in the phrase, mér er til efs, 7 doubt;
en þar sem ef er á, wherever it is doubtful, K. Á. 28; hvervetna þar sem
ef er á nokkuru máli, 204; ekki er til efs, at þeir menn ríða at grindhliði,
it cannot be doubted, that..., Lv. 19; sæmilig til efs, dubiously good,
rather had, Vm. 55; utan ef, -without doubt, Fms. vii. 37, Stj. 421; fyrir
utan allt ef, H. E. i. 519, Bad. I. e.
B. conj. [Goth, ibai; A. S. and Scot, gif; Engl. if; O. H. G. ipu;
Germ. o&; lost in Swed. and Dan.] :-- if, in case; en ef þit eigit erfingja,
Nj. 3; ef eigi (unless) væri jafnhugaðr sem ek em, 264; ef þií átt þrjár
orrostur við Magnus konung, Fms. vi. 178; ef hann er varmr, if he is
warm, 655 xxx. I: very freq. as a law term -- in c a s e that, Grág., N. G. L.;
en ef þeir gjalda eigi, þá, i. 127; en 'ef (MS. en) þeir vilja eigi festa,
id. P. in poetry often with subj. (as in Engl.); inn þú bjóð, cf Eirikr sc,
if it be Eric, bid him come in, Em. I: nálgastu mik, ef þú megir, if thou
may'st, Gm. 53; vega þií gakk, ef þú rtiðr sér, if thou be wroth, Ls. 15;
ef Gunnars missi, Akv. ii; ef hann at yðr lygi, Am. 31; ef sér geta
maetti, Hm. 4; heilindi sitt ef maðr hafa nái (better than nair), 67: ellipt.
passages where 'if is omitted, but the subj. retained, v. Lex. Poët.; skór
er skapaðr ilia eðr skapt sé rangt ( -- ef skapt sé rangt), Hm. 127; but
indie, sometimes occurs, ef hann freginn erat, 30; ef þitt æði dugir (indie.)
ok þú Vafþrúðnir vitir (subj.), Vþm. 20: in prose the subj. is rare, and
only in peculiar cases, e. g. nú munu vér á þá hættu leggja, ef (if, i. e.
granted, supposed that) ek ráða ok binda ek við hann vináttu, Fms. iv.
82; ok b~ta um þat, ef konunginum hafi yfirgefizt, xi. 283; þat var háttr
Erlings, ef úvinir hans kæmi fyrir hann, vii. 319; en skotið á þá, ef þeir faeri
nær meginlandi, viii. 419; ef ek lifi ok mega'k ráða, Edda 34. II.
if, whether, Germ, o b, with indie, or subj.; sjá nú, ef Jakob leysir hann
af þessum böndum, 655 xxx. 3; þá spyrr Frigg, ef sú kona vissi, then
Frigg asks, if the woman knew, Edda 37; hann kom opt á mál við
konung, ef hann mundi vilja bæta bórólf, Eg. 106; Egill spurði, ef hann
vildi upp or gröfinni, 234; at Bölverki þeir spurðu, ef hann væri með
böndum kominn, Hm. 109; hitt vil ek fyrst vita, ef þú fróðr sér, Vþm.
6; vittu ef þú hjálpir, see if tboit canst help, Og. 5 :-- this sense is now
obsolete, and 'hvárt' (hvort) is used
efa, að, in old writers usually spelt with i, ifa; efa occurs in Nj. 207,
Hkr. ii. 326, Sks. 153, Stj. 256, Fms. ii. 42, iii. 115, vi. 184, Al. 43,
Grett. no A, Bs. ii. 169, etc.; in mod. usage always with e :-- to doubt,
with acc.; engi ifar þat, Fms. x. 319: the phrase, efa sik, to hesitate,
Grett. 1. c.; skulu þér eigi e. yðr (doubt), at ..., Nj. 307: used as neut.
to feel a doubt, ifi þér nokkut, at, Fms. v. 38, Hkr. I. e., 623. 33; ifa
(efa) um e-t, to doubt about a thing, Hkr. i. 223, Grág. ii. 47, Fms. ii.
283, v. 37, vi. 184. 2. reflex., efask (ifask) í e-u, to doubt or he s i-
tate in a thing; í því má engi maðr ifask, at ..., Sks. 272 B; ekki
efumk ek í því, 153, Stj. 1. c.; Freysteinn efaðisk í, hvárt ..., F. was in
doubt, whether..., Fms. iii. 115; þér efisk í um þeirra almátt, ü. 42: efask
um e-t, to doubt about a thing, x. 392; hvárt ifisk er um ok hræðisk,
Niðrst. 2. p. absol. to doubt, hesitate, Sir. 22; statt upp ok ifask alls
ekki, Hom. 119. y. with gen., efask e-s, to change one's mind in a
matter, Grág. i. 312, 313.
efan, ifan, f. (almost always with i; efan, H. E. 1. c.), doubt, hesitation,
Barl. 149, H. E. i. 396, Bær. 14, Hom. 23. COMPD: efanar-lauss,
adj. undoubted, Stj., 655 xxvii. 2: neut. as adv. undoubtedly, Fms. ix. 347,
El. 2, Str. 35, K. Á. 202.
efan-laust, n. adj. undoubtedly, Hom. 15 (spelt ifan-).
efan-leikr, m. doubtfulness, Skálda 188.
efan-ligr (ifan-ligr), adj. doubtful, Skálda 188, Ld. 58, Fms. x. 317,
369 (in the last two passages spelt with i).
efi, a, m., in old writers almost always ifi :-- doubt, Greg. 37i Fms. iii.
8, x. 392, Hkr. i. 223; vera ifa, to be in doubt, Mar. 17; enn er eptir
ifi í hug minum, 623. 26; an ifa (efa), without doubt, Fms. x. 336,
Skálda 210: suspicion, Fms. x. 260. COMPDS: efa-lauss (ifa-
lauss), adj. undoubted, clear, Nj. 87: neut. as adv. undoubtedly, Grág.
ii. 189. efa-lausligr, adj. id., Bs. i. 263. efa-samr, ifað-samr,
efað-samligr, adj. doubtful, Al. 5, Stj. 172. efa-samliga, adv.
doubtfully, Bs. ii. 153. efa-semð and efa-semi, f. doubt, Bs. i. 272.
efa-sök, f. a doubtful case, Grág. i. 73.
EFJA, u, f. [Swed. äfja] , mud, ooze, Fms. vi. 164, Hrafn. 26.
EFLA, d, [afl and afli], to strengthen: I. act., a. to make
strong, build; efla veggi, to build walls. 655 xxv. i; létu þeir efla at