This is page cv_b0054. Please don't edit above this dashed line. Thank you!
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
henni, ef sá væri á baugi, if there were no other chance, Fas. ii. 150. The
explanation of this metaphor is doubtful, cp. Vkv. verses 5 and 7 (?), or
is the metaphor taken from the weregild ? 5. baugr also occurs
in mod. usage in many compds, astron. and mathem., spor-baugr, the
ecliptic; hádegisbaugr, a meridian. COMPDS: bauga-brot, n. pl. cut
off pieces of baugr, b a d money, Band. 12. bauga-xnaðr, m. =
bauggildismaðr, N. G. L. i. 81, 82, 186. bauga-tal, n. the section
of law about weregild, Grág. ii. 171-188: 0. fixing of the weregild,
Grág. i. 158. baugs-helgi, i. personal sacredness, (one's death to be
atoned for by a weregild); þræll á b. á sér ef hann fylgir drottni sinum
til þings ..., N. G. L. i. 70.
baug-reið, f. a law term, an official inspection (in Norway) to measure
the breadth of the highway, defined, Gþl. 412-414.
baug-rygr, jar, f. pl. ir, a law term, an only daughter entitled to
receive and pay weregild, in default of heirs male. The Norse law
defines thus, ef hon er einberni, ok til arfs komin, þar til er hón sezt
á brúðstól, ... up to her wedding day, N. G. L. i. 184, 92: the Icel. law
does not limit the right to her marrying; sú er kona ein er bæði skal
baugi bæta ok baug taka, ef hon er einberni, en sú kona heitir b.,
en hon er dóttir hins dauða, Grág. ii. 183.
baug-þak, n. [þekja baug], a law term, ' baug-covering, ' i. e. the
supplemental payment to be added in due proportion to the amount of
weregild (baugr), defined, Grág. ii. 171, 172; hence' at baugþaki' metaph.
means in addition, to boot; þá kom at honum síðan at b. brotfallit, he
was taken with fits of epilepsy to boot, Bs. i. 336.
baug-þggjandi, pl. -endr, part, a receiver of weregild.
BAUKA, að, [Swed. bö k a], prop, to dig, to rummage; hann b. til
fiskanna, viz. in order to steal them, Grett. 137; aldri skal ek í belginn
bauka, says the giant in the tale, Ísl. bjóðs. ii. 458.
BAULA, u, f. a cow, Bs. i. 635. COMPDS: baulu-fall, n. the
carcase of a slaughtered cow, Bs. i. 593. baulu-fótr, m. cow's foot,
cognom., Sturl. iii, 71; mod. baula, að, to low.
BAUN, f. [A. S. bean, cp. Lat. / ab a], a be an, Gþl. 544, Rb. 394.
bauna-lögr, m. bean-broth, Karl. 452.
bausn, f. the fore fins of a shark, Björn.
BAUTA, the remnant of an obsolete strong verb analogous to hlaupa --
Wjóp, [A. S. b ea t an; Engl. be a t; Germ. botzen, pulsare] , tohunt, beat; bautu,
1st pers. pl. pres. indie., Fms. v. 83 (0. H. 1853 spells bavtu); svá bavtu
vér bjornuna, so ' dowe beat (chase) the bears, Gs. 13: part. pass, bautinn,
beaten, slain, Lex. Poët. s. v. sverðbautinn; Farbauti, beater of ships, is
the name of the giant father of Loki; hylbauti, beater of the waves, a
ship, Edda (Gl.); cp. Swed. bauter, strings for catching birds, Ihre.
bauta-steinn, Snorri (Hkr.) constantly uses the pl. form, but
bautaðarsteinn, Fagrsk. 19, ^nd bautarsteinn, Hm. 72; m. the stone
monuments of the olden age, esp. in Sweden and Denmark; the Hávamál
1. c. (sjaldan bautarsteinar standa brautu nær, nema reisi niðr at nið) tells
us that these stones used to be placed along the high roads, like the sepul-
chral monuments of old Rome; cp. the standing phrase on the Swedish-
Runic stones -- her skal standa steinn ' naer brautu;' or, má eigi' brautar-
kuml' (a roa d monument) betra verða; the high roads of old Sweden
seem to have been lined with these monumental stones; even at the
present time, after the destruction of many centuries, the Swedish-Runic
stones (of the nth and I2th centuries) are counted by thousands. A
great collection was made and drawings executed during the I7*h
century (Buræus, etc.), but only published A. D. 1750, under the name
of Bautil. The etymology of this word is much contested; some
render it by ' s t on e s of the slain' (bauta, to slay), but this is contradicted
by the passage in Hm. 1. c. and by the inscriptions themselves. The
bauta stones were simply monuments erected by the piety of kindred
and friends without any respect to sex or manner of death, either in war,
on sea, or through sickness; some were even erected to the memory
of living persons. They were usually tombstones; but many of them
are memorial stones for men that died in foreign lands, Greece, Russia,
the British Islands, etc. Neither is Snorri right in saying (Hkr. pref.)
that the bautasteinar belonged to the old burning age (brunaöld), and
were replaced by the cairns (haugar) in the subsequent cairn age
(haugaöld) -- þá skyldi brenna alla dauða menn ok reisa eptir bauta-
steina, en síðan er Freyr hafði heygðr verit at Uppsölum þá görðu
margir höfðingjar eigi síðr hauga en bautasteina. Svíar tóku lík hans ok
var hann brendr við á þá er Skúta heitir, þar vóru settir bautasteinar
hans, Hkr. Yngl. ch. 17 -- the passage in Hávamál and the monuments
refute this statement. The great bulk of the Scandinavian bauta stones
seem to be of the nth and even 12th century. In Icel. no stones of that
time are on record: var hann þá her heygðr skamt frá bsenum, ok settir
upp bautasteinar, þeir er enn standa her, Hkr. i. 269; hávir bautasteinar
standa hjá haugi Egils ullserks, 153, -- where Fagrsk. reads, í þau skip
var lagðr í valrinn, ok orpnir þar haugar utan at; þar stendr ok bautaðar-
steinn (= bautarsteinn in Hm. ?) hár sem Egill fell, p. 19; -- en eptir alia
þá menn er nokkut mannsmót var at, skyldi reisa bautasteina, ok hélzt
sa siðr lengi síðan, Hkr. Yngl. ch. 8. It is worth remarking that the
Word ' bautasteinn' never occurs out of Icel. literature, and there only in the above passages, viz. once in the old Hm., once in the Fagrsk.,
four times in the Hkr., whence it has passed over to modern writers.
The word is most probably only a corruption from brautarsteinar,
lapides viae, (by dropping the r); cp. the analogous Swedish word,
brautarkuml, monumentum viae, which occurs in the inscriptions
themselves.
BÁÐIR, adj. pron. dual, gen. beggja, neut. bæði rarely, (Norse);
báði, gen. báðra, sometimes occur in MSS. of the I4th century, but
both of them are Norse forms, [Goth, b a i, baioþs; A. S. ba; Engl. both;
Germ, beide; cp. also Gr. a/j. (pai, Lat. a mb o] :-- both, Nj. 82, Sturl.
iii. 314, Eg. 257, Grág. i. 368, N. G. L. i. 33, Ísl. ii. 348, Fms. x.
118, etc. etc.
BÁG-1, a, m. (not bagi), an adversary, Stor. 23, Lex. Poët.
bágindi, n. pl. distress, difficulties.
bágliga, adv. (-ligr, adj.), adversely, Vígl. 30.
bág-lundr, adj. ill-disposed, bad-tempered, Lex. Poët.
bágr, adj. uneasy; honum verðr bag höndin, Fas. iii. 370: eiga bágt
is now in Icel. to be poor, bard up: bag-staddr, adj. distressed.
bágr, m. [cp. Hel. bâgan -- contender e, and Icel. bægja below], contest,
strife, in such phrases as, fara í bag, to come athwart; for í bag með
þeim, they came a cross, Bjarn. 28; í bága (pl.), Bs. i. 622; brjóta bag við
e-m, to make a struggle against, Al. 49; Pali postuli braut þar helzt bag
við ávalt er öðrum þótti torveldast, Post. 656 C. 24, Fms. viii. 42; koma
í bága við, to come intostrife or collision with.
bág-ráðr, adj. difficult to deal with, Fms. ii. II.
bág-rækr, adj. difficult to drive, of geese, Grett. 90.
BÁKN AKN, n. for. word [A. S. been; O. H. G. pauhan] , a beacon, v;
sigrbákn: bákn now means a bi g', monstrous thing.
bákna, að, [A. S. bêcnan] , to beckon; þeir báknuðu vápnunum til
þeirra Hákonar, Fms. vii. 276, xi. 366.
BÁL, n. [old Scot, b a le, i. e. a beacon-fagot, Lay of Last Minstrel 3.
27 note]. I. aflame, Nj. 199, Ld. 100, Stj. 45 (freq.) IT.
Lat. rogus, a pyre, funeral pile; hlaða b., rogum struere, Eb. 314, 2645
Fms. v. 328, esp. for burning dead bodies; a funeral pile in the old
heathendom, til brands eðr báls, an old law term, a d urnam, N. G. L. i.
50: the phrase, vega e-n á bal, or, bera á bal, to carry tothe pyre,
Vkv. 14, cp. Vþm. 54, Fas. i. (Hervar. S.) 487; graphical description of
those funerals, vide Edda 37, 38 (Baldrsbrenna), Fas. i. (Völs. S.) 204;
cp. 333, Hkr. Yngl. S. ch. 27; cp. also the funeral of the mythical king
Sigurd Ring, recorded by Arngrim Lærde in his Supplementum ad Com-
pendium Hist. Norv. MS. (composed A. D. 1597), probably taken from
a lost leaf of Skjöldunga Saga (Sögubrot), and mentioned by Munch,
Norske Folks Hist. i. 274: mod. of a foaming wind, wrath, etc. --
bálviðri, n. and balhvass, bálreiðr, adj., etc.
bál-för, f. a funeral, Edda 37.
bál-gerð, f. id., Edda (Ub.) 288 (Ed. 1852).
bálki, a, m., v. the following word.
BÁLKR, old form b^lkr, Grág., dat. bselki, N. G. L. i. 399, acc. pl.
bcólku or bálku, Lex. Poët. [A. S. b a l e], a balk, partition [cp. naval bulk-
heads]; b. um þveran hellinn, of a cross w a ll, Fms. iii. 217, Fas. ii. 333,
Grett. 140; sá studdi höndunum á bálkinn, of a balk of wood across
the door, Orkn. 112. /3. a low wall in a stall or house, N. G. L. ú
399, 2. metaph. a law term, a section in a code of law; þjófa bálkr,
Kristindóms b., etc., criminal, ecclesiastical law ..., Grág., Jb. y.
a body, a host, in compds as frændbálkr, ættbálkr, herbálkr; s^ndist
honum úárenniligr b. þeirra, of a host in line of battle, Bs. i. 667;
a pr. name. COMPDS: balkar-brot, n. the breaking a fence, crib, Gpl.
350, 391. bálkar-lag, n. a sort of metre (from a pr. name Balkr),
Edda (Hi.) 142.
BÁRA A, u, f. [berja ?], a wave, billow, v. alda; as a rule bára denotes
the smaller waves caused by the wind (on the surface of larger
billows), alda the rollers or swell, Bs. ii. 82, Fas. i. 186, Fms. x. 324 (of
a breaker = boði), Gkv. 1. 7: the proverb, sigla milli skers ok báru, cp,
inter Scyllam et Cbarybdin, Fms. ii. 268, Fb. iii. 402; sjaldan er ein
báran stök, there i s seldom a single billow: of misfortune, cp. Aesch.
Prom. 1015 KOJCUV rpiKVfiia., cp. also Ísl. þjóðs. i. 660. p. metaph.
of undulations or rough stripes on the surface of a thing, e. g. the crust
of a cheese, Fs. 146; a scull, cp. Eg. 769: baruskel, f. c a rd/ a testð
cordatapectinata, a shell, Eggert Itin. p. 1010. COMPDS: barn-fall;
n. a swell at sea, Al. 50. baru-skel, f., v. above. baru-skot, n.
waves from a fresh breeze, wrinkling the surface of the sea, Hkr. i. 59.
baru-stormr, m. an unruly sea, Stj. 89. báru-stórr, adj. the waves
running high, Bs. ii. 82, Fas. i. 72; vide mót-bára, objection.
bár-óttr, adj. waved, of a skull, Eg. 769.
bása, að, = bæsa, to drive cattle into a stall, Gísl. 104.
bás-hella, u, f. a stone w a ll between two stalls in a cowhouse,
Grett. 112.
BÁSS, m. [Ulf. bansts -- ajroOrjier); A. S. bós; Engl. provincial boose; Germ, banse] , a boose or stall in a cowhouse; kýr á bási, binda kú á bás, etc., Bjarn. 32, Bs. 5. 171; a cow and a bas go together, e. g. in the . nursery rhyme lulling children to sleep; sou, sofi... selr í sjá... kyr á