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COMPDS: ánauðar-ok, n. yoke of oppression, Stj. 168. ánauðar-vist,
f. a life of oppression, bondage, 655 viii. 4.
á-nauðga, að, to oppress, Js. 13, Gþl. 44.
á-nauðigr, adj. oppressed, enslaved, Hkr. i. 40, Grág. ii. 292, N. G. L.
i. 341, Sks. 463.
á-nefna, d, to appoint, name, Jb. 161 B, Fms. i. 199, ix. 330.
á-netjast, að, dep. to be entangled in a net; metaph., á. e-u, Bs. i. 141.
á-neyða, dd, to force, subject, Sks. 621 B.
á-ning, f. [æja, ái-], resting, baiting, Grág. ii. 233.
án-ótt, n. adj. a pun (v. Án 2), a lot of Ans, Fas. ii. 431.
á-nyt, f. ewe's milk, = ærnyt, Landn. 197.
á-nýja, ð or að, to renew, Sturl. iii. 39.
á-nægja, u, f. pleasure, satisfaction, formed as the Germ. vergnügen;
mod. word, not occurring in old writers.
á-nægja, ð, impers., prop. to be enough, and so to content, satisfy; eptir
því sem oss ánægir, Dipl. v. 9: part, ánægðr is now in Icel. used as an
adj. pleased, content.
ÁR, n. [Goth. jêr; A. S. gear; Engl. year; Germ. jabr; the Scandin.
idioms all drop the j, as in ungr, young; cp. also the Gr. GREEK; Lat. hora;
Ulf. renders not only GREEK but also sometimes GREEK and GREEK by
jêr]. I. a year, = Lat. annus, divided into twelve lunar months,
each of 30 days, with four intercalary days, thus making 364 days; as
the year was reckoned about the middle of the 10th century (the original
calculation probably only reckoned 360 days, and made up the difference
by irregular intercalary months). About the year 960 Thorstein Surt
introduced the sumarauki (intercalary week), to be inserted every seventh
year, thus bringing the year up to 365 days. After the introduction of
Christianity (A. D. 1000) the sumarauki was made to harmonize with
the Julian calendar; but from A. D. 1700 with the Gregorian calendar;
v. the words sumarauki, hlaupár, mánuðr, vika, etc., Íb. ch. 4, Rb. 6, Fms.
i. 67; telja árum, to count the time by years, Vsp. 6; í ári, used adverb.,
at present, as yet, Ó. H. 41, 42 (in a verse). II. = Lat. annona,
plenty, abundance, fruitfulness; the phrase, friðr ok ár, Fms. vii. 174,
Hkr. Yngl. ch. 8-12; ár ok fésæla, Hkr. l. c.; þá var ár urn öll lönd, id.;
létu hlaða skip mörg af korni ok annarri gæzku, ok flytja svá ár í Dan-
mörku, Fms. xi. 8, Sks. 323, Fas. i. 526, Hom. 68; gott ár, Eg. 39;
blota til árs, Fms. i. 34. III. the name of the Rune RUNE (a), Skálda
176; in the A. S. and Goth. Runes the j has the name jêr, gêr, according
to the Germ. and Engl. pronunciation of this word; vide p. 2, col. 1.
COMPDS: ára-tal, n. and ára-tala, u, f. number of years; fimtugr at
áratali, Stj. 110, Rb. 484, Mar. 656 A. i. 29; hann (Ari Frodi) hafði
áratal fyrst til þess er Kristni kom á Ísland, en síðan allt til sinna daga,
Hkr. (pref.), seems to mean that Ari in respect of chronology divided his
Íslendingabók into two periods, that before and that after the introduction
of Christianity; Stj. 112 (periode). árs-bót, f. = árbót,
Bs. i. 343, q. v.
ÁR, adv. I. Lat. olim [Ulf. air = GREEK; Engl. yore], used
nearly as a substantive followed by a gen., but only in poetry; in the
phrase, ár var alda, in times of yore, in principio, Vsp. 3, Hkv. 2. 1:
also, ár var þaz (= þat es), the beginning of some of the mythical and
heroical poems, Skv. 3. i, Gkv. 1. 1; cp. árdagar. II. Lat. mane
[A. S. ær; O. H. G. êr; cp. Gr. GREEK, Engl. early, Icel. árla], rare, (the
prolonged form árla is freq.); it, however, still exists in the Icel. common
phrase, með morgunsárinu (spelt and proncd. in a single word),
primo diluculo; elsewhere poet, or in laws, ár of morgin, early of a
morning, Hðm. verse 1, Grág. ii. 280; rísa ár, to rise early, Hm. 58, 59;
ár né um nætr, Hkv. 2. 34, etc.; í ár, adverb. = early, Ísl. ii. (Hænsa
Þór. S.) 161; snemma í ár, Ld. 46, MS., where the Ed. um morgininn
í ár, Fas. i. 503: it also sometimes means for ever, svá at ár Hýmir ekki
mælti, for an age he did not utter a word, remained silent as if stupefied,
Hým. 25, Lex. Poët.; ara þúfu á skaltu ár sitja, Skm. 27; cp. the mod.
phrase, ár ok síð og allan tíð, early and late and always. In compds =
Lat. matutinus.
ÁR, f. [A. S. ár; Engl. oar; Swed. åre], an oar, old form of nom.,
dat., acc. sing. &aolig-acute;r; dat. &aolig-acute;ru or áru, Eb. 60 new Ed., but commonly ár;
pl. árar, Eg. 221, 360, Fms. viii. 189, 417: metaph. in the phrases, koma
eigi ár sinni fyrir borð, to be under restraint, esp. in a bad sense, of one
who cannot run as fast as he likes, Eb. 170; vera á árum e-s = undir ára
burði e-s, v. below; draga árar um e-t, to contend about a thing, the
metaphor taken from a rowing match, Fær. 159; taka djúpt í árinni, to
dip too deep, overdo a thing. COMPDS: ára-burðr, m. the movement
of the oars, in the phrase, vera undir áraburði e-s, to be in one's boat, i. e.
under one's protection, esp. as regards alimentation or support, Hrafn. 30;
ráðast undir áraburð e-s, to become one's client, Ld. 140. ára-gangr,
m. splashing of oars, Fas. ii. 114. ára-lag (árar-), n. the time of
rowing, e. g. seint, fljótt á., a slow, quick, stroke; kunna á., to be able to
handle an oar, Þórð. (Ed. 1860), ch. 4. árar-hlumr, m. the handle
of an oar, Glúm. 395, Sturl. iii. 68. árar-hlutr, m. a piece of an oar,
Glúm. l. c. árar-stubbi, a, m. the stump of an oar, Ísl. ii. 83.
árar-tog, n. a stroke with the oar. árar-tré, n. the wood for making
oars, Pm. 138.
ár-, v. the compds of á, a river.
ár-angr, rs, m. [ár = annona], gener. a year, season, = árferð; also the
produce of the earth brought forth in a year (season), which is at present
in the east of Icel. called ársali, v. árferð; skapaðist árangrinn eptir
spásögu Jóseps, 655 vii. 4; ok at liðnum þeim vetrum tók á. at spillast,
Gþl. 77; mun batna á. sem várar, Þorf. Karl. (A. A.) 111: the mod.
use is only metaph., effect, result; so e. g. arangrs-laust, n. adj. without
effect, to no effect.
á-rás, f. assault, attack, Fms. i. 63, ix. 372.
ár-borinn, v. arfborinn: Egilsson renders GREEK by árborin (in
his transl. of the Odyssey).
ár-bót, f. improvement of the season (ár = annona), Fms. i. 74, Bs. i.
137, Hkr. ii. 103: fem., surname, Landn.
ár-búinn, part, ready early, Sks. 221 B.
ár-býll, adj. dwelling in abundance, plentiful, Fms. v. 314.
ár-dagar, m. pl. [A. S. geardagas], í árdaga, in days of yore, Ls. 25 (poët.)
ár-degis, adv. early in the day, Eg. 2, Grág. i. 143.
á-reið, f. a charge of cavalry, Hkr. iii. 162, Fms. vii. 56: an invasion
of horsemen, x. 413: at present a law term, a visitation or inspection by
sworn franklins as umpires, esp. in matters about boundaries.
á-reitingr, m. [reita, Germ, reizen], inducement, Finnb. 310.
á-reitinn, adj. grasping after, Ld. 318, v. l.: now in Icel. pettish;
and áreitni, f. pettishness.
á-renniligr, adj., in the phrase, eigi á., hard or unpleasant to face.
á-reyðr, f. [á acc. of ær, and reyðr], salmo laevis femina, Fél. i. 13,
Landn. 313.
árétti, n. [and árétta, tt], a thin wedge used to prevent a nail from
getting loose, cp. Ivar Aasen.
ár-ferð, f., mod. árferði, n. season, annona, Fms. i. 51, 86, ix. 51;
árferð mun af taka um alla Danmörk, i. e. there will be famine, xi. 7;
góð á., Stj. 420; engi á., Grett. 137 A.
ár-fljótr, adj. 'oar-fleet,' of a rowing vessel, Fms. vii. 382, Hkr. iii. 94.
ár-gali, a, m. 'the early crying,' i. e. perh. chanticleer, used in the proverb
eldist árgalinn nú, of king Harold, Fms. vi. 251.
ár-galli, a, m. failure of crop, Sks. 321, 323. árgalla-lauss, adj.
free from such failure, fertile, Sks. 322.
ár-gangr, m. a year's course, season, Fms. xi. 441, Thom. 85; margan tíma
í þessum á., 655 xxxii: in mod. usage, a year's volume, of a periodical.
ár-gjarn, adj. eager for a good harvest (poët.), Ýt. 5.
ár-goð, m. god of plenty, the god Frey, Edda 55.
ár-gæzka, u, f. a good season, Thom. 83.
ár-hjálmr, m. an helmet of brass, A. S. âr = eir, Hkm. 3.
á-riða, u, f. a smearing, rubbing, [ríða á], medic., Bs. i. 611.
árla, adv. [qs. árliga], early, Lat. mane, Fms. iii. 217, v. 285, Stj. 208,
Hom. 86:: with gen., árla dags, Fms. x. 218, Pass. 15. 17. β in times
of yore, Sks. 498, 518.
ár-langt, n. adj. and ár-lengis, adv. during the whole year, D. N.
ár-liga, adv. I. [ár, annus], yearly, Fms. ii. 454, x. 183, Vm.
12. II. = árla, early, Hkv. 1. 16. 2. [ár, annona], in the
phrase, fá árliga verðar, to take a hearty meal, Hm. 32; cp. Sighvat, Ó. H.
216, where it seems to mean briskly.
ár-ligr, adj. 1. annual, Thom. 24. 2. in the phrase, árligum
hrósar þú verðinum, thou hast enjoyed a hearty meal, Hbl. 33; the word
is now used in the sense of well fed, well looking.
ár-maðr, m. [árr, nuntius, or ár, annona], a steward, esp. of royal
estates in Denmark, Sweden, and Norway, also of the earls' estates in the
Orkneys. As Icel. had neither earls nor kings, it is very rare, perhaps an
GREEK in Landn. 124 (of the stewards of Geirmund heljarskinn). In
Norway the ármenn of the king were often persons of low birth, and
looked upon with hatred and disrespect by the free noblemen of the
country, cp. e. g. Ó. H. 113, 120 (synonymous with konungs þræll), Eb. ch.
2; the ármenn were a sort of royal policemen and tax gatherers, Fms. xi.
261, Orkn. 444, Eg. 79, 466, Gþl. 12 (where it is different from sýslumaðr);
erkibiskups á., N. G. L. i. 175. COMPD: ármanns-réttr, m. the right
of an á., i. e. the fine to be paid for molesting an ármaðr, N. G. L. i. 70.
ár-mánaðr, m. a year-month, i. e. a month, Stj. 320.
ár-menning, f. [ármaðr], stewardship, the office or the province,
Orkn. 444, Fms. iv. 268; sýslur ok á., Hkr. i. 303.
ár-morgin, adv. [A. S. ærmorgen], early to-morrow, Am. 85.
árna, að, I. [A. S. yrnan, pret. arn, proficisci; cp. Icel. árr,
evrendi, etc.], as a neut. verb, only in poetry and very rare, to go forward;
úrgar brautir á. þú aptr héðan, Fsm. 2, Gg. 7, Fms. iv. 282, vi. 259; hvern
þann er hingað árnar, whoever comes here, Sighvat, Ó. H. 82. II.
[A. S. earnian, to earn; Germ, erndten], act. verb with acc. and
gen.: 1. with acc. to earn, get, Lat. impetrare; hvat þú árnaðir í
Jötunheima, Skm. 40; hon ... spurði, hvat hann árnar, ... what he had
gained, how he had sped (of a wooer), Lv. 33; á. vel, to make a good
bargain, Fms. vi. 345: reflex., þykir vel árnast hafa, they had made a
good bargain, Bret. 40. 2. with gen. of the thing, to intercede for,
pray; á. e-m góðs, to pray for good to one, bless him; á. e-m íls, to
curse one, Fas. iii. 439; lífs, to intercede for one's life, Magn. 532;