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the same signification, a. with dat, a. lögunum, to break, neglect the law,
Al 4. β. with acc. (now always so), a. sitt höfuðrnerki, Karl. 189. γ.
uncert. dat. or acc., a. Guðs hlýðni, Edda (pref.) 144, Stj. 241. δ. with at
and a following infin., Gþl. 183; konungar afræktust at sitja at Uppsölum,
left off, Hkr. ii. 97. ε. absol., Fms. vii. 221, 188, Gþl. 506.
af-saka, að, to excuse, exculpate, K. Á. 230, Stj. 37. β. pass, afsak-
ast, to be (stand) excused, K. Á. 226, Stj. 125.
af-sakan and afsokun, f. a 'begging off,' excuse, exculpation, K. Á.
228, Stj. 152. COMPD: afsakanar-orð, n. pl. excuses, Stj.
af-saki, a, m. excuse, 623. 60.
af-sanna, að, to refute, prove to be false ('unsooth'), 655 xvii. 1.
af-sáð, n. seed-corn, N. G. L. i. 240.
af-segja, sagði, to resign, renounce; a. sér e-t, Barl. 210. Now used
in the sense of to refuse, deny.
af-setja, setti, to depose, put down, v. the following.
af-setning, f. and afsetningr, m. deposition, (off-setting, cp. Scot. 'aff-
set,' Jam., which means dismissal, the act of putting away), H. E. ii. 74, 523.
af-siða, adj. ind. immoral, of loose manners, Grág. i. 138.
af-sifja, að, [sifjar], a law term, to cut off from one's 'sib,' alienate
from one's family, renounce; gefa má maðr vingjafir at sér lifanda, hest
eða yxn, vápn eða þvílíka grfpi, ok afsifjar (Cod. A reads afsitjar, but
doubtless wrongly) hann sér þó at sex skynsömum mönnum þyki eigi
arfsvik gör við erfingja, Jb. 163, D. N. i. 141, Pál Vidal. p. 84. The
word appears to be a Norse law term, and does not occur in the laws of
the Icel. Commonwealth, but came into use with the code Jb.
af-síða, adv. aside, apart, Krók. 56.
af-skapligr, adj. [skapligr], misshapen, monstrous, huge, shocking;
a. áfelli, shocking accident, Stj. 90; herfiligr ok a., 655 xiii. A. i; a. ok
úmannligt, Stj. 272; a. úmenska, Fms. ii. 225, K. Á. (App.) 230.
af-skeiðis, adv. astray, H. E. i. 252, 655 xi. 3, Hom. 99.
af-skipan, f. deposition, dismissal, D. N. (Fr.)
af-skipta, adj. ind. cut off, from an inheritance or the like, Lat. expers;
in the phrase, vera görr a., to be wronged, Hrafn. 14.
af-skipti, n. pl. dealing with, intercourse, (cp. the phrase, skipta sér af
e-u, to meddle with, care about); ok eingi a. veita heiðnum goðuin, Fms. ii.
160; ef hann veitir súr engi a., does not deal with, Grág. ii. 121. COMPDS:
afskipta-lauss, adj. heedless, careless, having nothing to do with, Fb. i.
392. afskipta-lítill, adj. caring little about, Fms. vii. 181, Orkn. 142.
afskipta-samr, adj. meddling, partaking, v. úafskiptasamr.
af-skiptinn, adj. meddling, partaking, Ld. 66.
af-skiptr, part. = afskipta, wronged, cheated, Fas. iii. 619. Metaph.
void of, having no interest in, Stj. 155, 195.
af-skirrandi, participial noun, [skirrast], an offscouring, outcast; leiði
þér þenna a. út ór horgiimi, 656 C. 33.
af-skrámliga, adv. hideously, Hom. 155.
af-skrámligr, adj. [af- intens.; skrámr means a giant; skrimsl, a mon-
ster; cp. Engl. to scream], hideous, monstrous; a. illvirki, a sacrilege,
K. Á. 222: also spelt askramligr and askramliga, Al. 142, Hom. 155.
af-skræmi, n. a monster, v. the following.
af-skræmiliga, adv. hideously: a, of a scream; þá lét út á stöðli a.,
howled piteously, of a ghost, Hkr. ii. 312, Eb. 320, of the bellowing of
a mad bull. β. of a monstrous shape; þrællinn (of a ghost) rétti inn
höfuðit, ok sýndist honum a. mikit, Grett. 83 new Ed. γ. metaph.,
óttast a., to be shocked at, Stj. 101.
af-skurðr, ar, m. a chip, lappet, Dipl, iii. 3.
af-skyld, f. a law term, due, obligation, encumbrance, several times in
the Cartularies and deeds of gift, in the phrase, sú er a. þessa fjár, D. I. i.
273, etc.; með þessi a. fara þessir fjárhlutir, 282, Vm. 108: cp. the still
more freq. phrase, sú er afvinna, cp. afvinna.
af-snið, n. a lappet, snip, Pr. 412.
af-sniðning, f. snipping off, afsniðningar-járn, n. a chopper, Fr.
af-sníðis, adv. cut through, across, Bs. i. 388.
af-spraki, a, m. [cp. A. S. sprecan; Germ, sprechen] , rumour, hearsay;
Hákon jarl hafði fengit afspraka nokkurn (perh. better in two words),
Fms. 1. 187.
af-springr, m., Al. 11, Hkr. iii. 277, Edda (pref.) 146, and various
other forms; afsprengr, m. and afspringi, n., Gþl. 47, Fms. viii. 237,
Sks. 46 B, Stj. 63, Orkn. 176; the form now usual is afsprengi, n., Fms.
v. 217, Fas. ii. 391, Bret. 112. 1. gener. offspring, progeny, v. the
quotations above. 2. in pl. used of the produce of the earth, Sks. 48 B
(rare). 3. metaph.: α. a band, a detached part of a body;
þóttist Hrafn þegar vita, at þessi a. mundi vera af ferð þeirra þorgils, that
this detachment must be from the host of Thorgils and his followers, Sturl.
iii. 274. β. a branch, ramification; ok er mikil van, at þar verði
nokkurr a. (offshoot) af þessum ófriði á Limafirði, Fms. xi. 13. γ.
rumour, notice, = afspraki; fá nokkurn a. um e-t, Fms. viii. 160.
af-spurn, f. a 'speering of,' news, notice, Fms. i. 187.
af-spýttr, part, spit out of, deprived of, Anecd. 42.
af-standa, stóð, [Germ. absteben] , to cede, part with, Sturl. i. 164,
v. l. miðla, Fms. iii. 208.
af-stigr, s, m, by-path, Fî. 5, Fær. 102.
af-stúfa, að, or afstýfa, ð, to lop, prune, of trees; a. við, N. G. L. i.
350, Lex. Poët., v. stufr.
af-stúka, n, f. side-nook, 655 xxxii. 4; a side-room in a temple, Fas.
iii. 213; now stúka is almost always used of a sacristy.
af-svar, n. refusal, in pl. in the phrase, veita e-u afsvör, to refuse,
Ld. 114, Fas. i-444, Fbr. 120.
af-svara, að, to deny, refuse, Fas. i. 528; with dat. of pers. and thing,
Sturl. iii. 180.
af-sviptr, part, stripped; with dat., afsviptr þinni ásjónu, cut off from
thy countenance, Stj. 228. Gen. xlviii. 11, Sks. 342, H. E. i. 457.
af-sýnis, adv. out of sight, Fms. viii. 344.
af-sæll, adj. luckless, in the proverb, a. verðr annars glys jafnan, (another
version of the proverb is quoted s. v. afgjarn), coveted wealth, which is
eagerly looked for by another, is luckless, difficult to keep safe, Stj. 78.
af-tak, n. 1. gener. taking away, B. K. 108. 2. 'taking
off' (Shaksp.), slaying, executing; hvat hann vill bjóða fyrir a. Geirsteins,
compensation for the slaughter of G., Fms. vii. 360; en a. hans (slaying)
segja eigi allir einum hætti, x. 390; með aftaki Ólafs, by slaying him,
195; um manna aftök, executions, Gþl. 137: cp. aftaka, and taka af, to
execute, behead. 3. in pl. commonly used of, a. flat denial, in
such phrases as, hafa aftök um e-t, to deny flatly. In some compds this
signification can be traced, as in aftaka-minni, Fms. i. 139. β. it is also
now used in many compds of whatever is excessive, above all measure,
e. g. aftaka-veðr, a hurricane. COMPDS: aftaks-skjöldr, m. a huge
shield, Fas. i. 415. aftaka-maðr, m. a determined, obstinate person;
hón var a. mikill um þetta mál, he was very stubborn in this case, Hkr. ii. 74.
aftaka-minni, adj. compar. less obstinate, more pliable; stóð konungr í
fyrstu fast á móti, en drottning var allt aftakaminni, the king at first stood
fast against it, but the queen was all along less stubborn, Fms. i. 139.
af-taka, n, f. = aftak: 1. gener. loss, privation; a. ok missa, of a
personal loss by death, Edda 37. 2. death by violent means, slaughter;
til aftöku manna eðr fú upp at taka, for the cutting off of men or the con-
fiscation of their goods, Eg. 73, 252; hann hafði verit at aftöku þorkels
fústra, Fms. vii. 201, Orkn. 22 old Ed. Formerly there were no public
executions in Icel., except the stoning of wizards or witches, Ld. ch. 98,
Eb. ch. 20, Vd. ch. 26; and the hanging of thieves, Fbr. ch. 19, Kb. l. c.
Now, however, used in the sense of public execution, and in various
compds, e. g. aftöku-staðr, m. place of execution, etc.
af-tekja, u, f. dues, collections, revenues, or the like; til forræðis ok
allra aftekna (gen. pl.), Bs. 692; ábúð ok a. staðanna, revenue, 752.
af-tekning, f. taking away, a grammatical term, an apostrophe,
Skálda 182.
af-tekt, f. = aftekja, Fms. v. 274, xi. 441, Bs. i. 68.
af-telja, talði, to dissuade, Fms. x. 27.
af-tigna, að, now antigna, v. andtigna, to disgrace, Sks. 225.
af-trú, f. unbelief, heresy, Orkn. 188.
af-trúast, að, dep. to fall into unbelief, Bs. ii. 181.
af-tækiligt, n. adj. advisable, feasible, [cp. taka e-t af, to decide for],
Fms. viii. 348.
af-tækt, n. adj. blamable; er þat ok ætlun mín at fátt muni vera
aftækt um yðra skapsmuni, I 'ettle' that there will be little blameworthy
about your turn of mind, Fms. v. 341.
af-tæma, ð, to 'loom off,' to empty, Fr.
afugr, backwards, going the wrong way, v. öfugr.
afund, envy, v. öfund.
af-undinn, adj. cross, uncivil.
afusa, gratitude, pleasure, v. aufusa.
af-vega, adv. [afvegar, Bs. ii. 92], off the way, astray, Sd. 149. Metaph.
in moral sense; leiða a., to mislead; ganga a., to go astray.
af-vegaðr, part. misled, Mar.
af-vegis = afvega, astray, Skálda 203.
af-velta, adj. [the Scot, awald or awalt], cast, used of cattle, sheep,
or horses that have fallen on the back and are unable to rise. Háv. 44.
af-vensla, u, f. expenses, outlay; auðræði (means) urðu brátt eigi mikil,
en afvenslur þóttu varla með mikilli stillingu, Bs. i. 136.
af-vik, n. a creek, recess, Stj. 195; metaph. a hiding-place, þiðr. 137.
af-vikinn, part, secluded, retired; a. staðr = afvik.
af-vinna, u, f. encumbrance, due, fees, outgoings, = afskyld. Freq. in
deeds of gift. e. g. D. I. i. 203, 266; þá lágu öngar gjafir til staðarins, en a.
varð öngu minni, then no gifts came in to the see, but the outlay was in
nothing less, Bs. i. 84; þá görðust fjárhagir úhægir í Skálaholti, urðu
afvinnur miklar (great outgoings) en tillög (incomings) eingin, Bs. i. 99.
af-virða, ð and t, to despise, Barl. several times.
af-virðiligr, adj. worthless, poor, despicable, Barl. 75, 154; v. auvirðiligr
and auðv., which are the Icel. forms.
af-virðing, f., contr. ávirðing, disrepute, disgrace, fault, Bs. ii. 187.
af-vænn, adj. unexpected, Fas. 11. 552.
af-vöxtr, m. 'off-wax,' i. e. decrease, N. G. L. i. 214; opp. to ávöxtr.
af-þerra, ð, and mod. að, to wipe off; metaph. to expunge, Stj. 142.
af-þokka, að, in the phrase, a. e-t fyrir e-m, to throw discredit on,
run down, set against, Fms. ii. 145; hann útti fátt við jarl, en afþokkaðí