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fé því á engi veg, 158; skalat drepa þá menn, 167; skalat svá skipta
manneldi, 173; skalat maðr reiðast við fjórðungi vísu, 183. Plur.:
skolut menn andvitni bera ok hér á þingi, i. 68; skolut mál hans
standast, 71; skolut þeir færi til vefangs ganga en, 75, etc. etc. Other
instances are rare: tekrat þar fé er eigi er til (a proverb), i. 9; ok um
telrat þat til sakbóta, ok of telrat þá til sakbóta (it does not count), 178;
ef hann villat (will not) lýsa sár sitt, 51; ok ræðrat hann öðrum mönnum
á hendr þann úmaga, 248; ræðrat sá sínum ómögum á hendr, ii. 18; verðrat
honum at sakarspelli and verðrat honum þat at s., i. 63; verðrat honum
þat at sakarvörn, 149; kömrat hann öðru við, ii. 141; þarfat hann bíða til
þess, i. 70; ok skilrat hann frá aðra aura, ii. 141, i. 136. Reflexive form:
kömskat hann til heimtingar um þat fé, he loses the claim to the money, ii.
180, etc. All these instances are taken from the Kb. (Ed. 1853). Remarkable
is also the ambiguity in the oath of Glum (see Sir Edm. Head, Viga-Glum,
pp. 102, 103, note, I. c.), who, instead of the plain common formal oath --
vask-at-ek þar, vák-at-ek þar, rauðk-at-ek þar odd ok egg -- said, vask
at þar, vák at þar, rauðk at þar. He inverted the sense by dropping the
intermediate pronominal ek between the verb and þar, and pronouncing
??? instead of ???. It further occurs in some few proverbs: varat af
vöru, sleikði um þvöru, Fs. 159; veldrat sá er varir, Nj. 61 (now com-
monly ekki veldr sá er v., so in Grett.); erat héra at borgnara þótt hœna
beri skjöld, Fms. vii. 116; era hlums vant kvað refr, dró hörpu á ísi, 19:
also in some phrases, referred to as verba ipsissima from the heathen age --
erat vinum líft Ingimtmdar, Fs. 39; erat sjá draumr minni, Ld. 128.
Thorodd employs it twice or thrice: því at ek sékk-a þess meiri þörf,
because í do not see any more reason for this, Skálda 167; kannka ek
til þess meiri ráð en lítil, I do not know, id.; mona (will not) mín móna
(my mammy) við mik göra verst hjóna, 163. In sacred translations of the
12th century it occurs now and then. In the Homilies and Dialogues
of Gregory the Great: monatþu í því flóði verða, thou shalt not; esa þat
undarligt þótt, it is not to be wondered at; hann máttia sofna, he could not
sleep; moncaþ ek banna, I shall not mind, Greg. 51, 53; vasal kall heyrt á
strætum, was not, Post. 645. 84; nú mona fríðir menn hér koma, Niðrst.
623. 7. In later writers as an archaism; a few times in the Al. (MS.
A. M. 519), 3, 5, 6, 44, 108; and about as many times in the MS. Eir-
spennill (A. M. 47, fol.) [Etymon uncertain; that at is the right form
may be inferred from the assimilation in at- t w, and the anastrophe in t,
though the reason for the frequent dropping of the t is still unexplained.
The coincidence with the Scottish dinna, canna is quite accidental.]
abbadís, f. abbess. Hkr. iii. 398, Fms. vii. 239, Gþl. 365.
abbast, að, dep. (= amast), to be incensed at, vex, molest; a-við e-t,
Clem. 50, Fms. vii. 166; a-uppá e-t, Nj. 194.
abbindi = af-bindi, n. tenesmus, Hm. 140; cp. Fél. ix. 185, where it is
spelt afbendi.
AÐ = at, v. that word, að- in compds, v. at-. -að, suff. neg., v. -a.
AÐA, u, f. (and COMPD öðu-skel, f.) α. mytulus testa planiuscula,
a shell. β. fem. pr. n., Edda.
AÐAL, [O. H. G. adal, genus; cp. also A. S. éðele, nobilis; Old Engl.
and Scot, ethel; Germ, edel; eðla- and eðal- came from mod. Dan. into Icel.
aðall, nobility. It does not occur in old writings in this sense.] I. n.
nature, disposition, inborn native quality, used only in poetry; jóðs a.,
childish, Ýt. 13; ósnotrs aðal, foolish, insipid, Hm. 106; args a., dastardly,
Ls. 23, 24; drengs a., noble, Km. 23; ódyggs a., bad, Hsm. 19. 2. in
the sense of offspring; aðul Njarðar (where it is n. pl.?), the gods, the
offspring of Njord, Hallfred in a poem, vide Fs. 59. II. used in a
great many COMPDS, chief-, head-. aðal-akkeri, n. sheet-anchor, Fms.
x. 130: β. metaph., Bs. i. 756. aðal-bjórr, s, m. prime beaver skin,
Eb. (in a verse). aðal-borinn, part., v. óðalborinn. aðal-ból, n.
a manor-house, farm inhabited by its master, opp. to tenant farms, Grág.
(Kb.) ii. 150; also the name of a farm, Hrafn. 4. aðal-festr, f., v.
alaðsfestr. aðal-fylking, f. main force, main body, Hkr. ii. 361.
aðal-haf, n. the main, Fms. iv. 177. aðal-henda, u, f., v. alhenda.
aðal-hending, f. full, complete rhymes, such as all -- hall, opp. to skot-
hending, q. v., Edda (Ht.) aðal-hendr, adj. verse in full rhyme, Edda,
id. aðal-kelda, u, f. chief well, Karl. 442. aðal-kirkja, ju, f. chief
part of a church, viz. choir and nave, opp. to forkirkja, Sturl. ii. 59.
aðalliga, adv. completely, thoroughly; a. dauðr, quite dead, 656 C. 31,
Fms. ii. 313; a. gamall, quite old, iii. 171. aðal-mein, n. great pain,
Fms. vi. (in a verse), aðal-merki, n. the head-standard, Pr. 177. aðal-
ritning, f. chief writing, Sks. 13. aðal-skáli, a, m. the chief apart-
ment of a skáli, the hall, as distinguished from a forhús, Eb. 43. aðal-
tré, n. trunk of a tree; eigi munu kvistir betri en a. (a proverb), Fms. iv.
33. aðal-troll, n. downright ogre, Fas. iii. 179. aðal-túlkr, s, m.
chief advocate, Bs. i. 445. aðal-túpt, f. esp. in pl. ir = óðals-toptir,
the ground on which a manor-bouse is built, toft of an allodial farm
(Norse), flytja hús af aðaltóptum, remove it, N. G. L. i.
aðild, older form aðilð, pl. ir, f. [root aðal], v. the following word
aðili. It doubtless originally meant chiefdom, headship, but it only
occurs in the limited legal sense of chief-prosecutorship or defendantship,
and this only, as it seems, in Icel. not in Norse law. It is a standing
word in the Icel. codes and histories of the Commonwealth. It became